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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    Foreign Jews in the western Alps (1938-43). (2005)
    In:  Journal of Modern Italian Studies 10,4 (2005) 426-446
    Details
    ISSN: 1354-571X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2005
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Modern Italian Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 10,4 (2005) 426-446
    Keywords: Donati, Angelo, ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jewish refugees History 20th century
    Abstract: During the Italian occupation of southern France in 1940-43, the French Alps was an area that promised shelter for Jewish refugees from all over Europe. The Italian authorities, military and police, protected Jewish refugees not only from the Germans but also from the French authorities. Many Italian "concentration camps" in the Alps were in fact areas of protected residence. Discusses routes of escape to that region from northwestern Italy and southern France. Relates the activities of Angelo Donati, an Italian Jewish banker and diplomat, who had a plan to rescue thousands of these refugees in summer 1943, during the downfall of Mussolini, by transporting them via Italy to North Africa and on to Palestine, but it did not work. The appendix on pp. 444-446 presents a document relating to a case of successful Italian protection of Jewish refugees in a "residence forcée" in St. Martin Vésubie.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    The origins of the "Manifesto of racial scientists". (2001)
    In:  Journal of Modern Italian Studies 6,3 (2001) 305-323
    Details
    ISSN: 1354-571X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2001
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Modern Italian Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 6,3 (2001) 305-323
    Keywords: Landra, Guido ; Mussolini, Benito, ; Antisemitism History 1800-2000 ; National socialism Philosophy ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: In July 1938 the "Manifesto of Racial Scientists, " compiled by seven unnamed scholars, was published in Italy. Its main author was Guido Landra, but the man who stood behind the document was Mussolini. The "Manifesto" marked a turn in Italian race theory from the "Mediterranean" focus of Italian identity to a "Nordic Aryan" racial identity, a result of Mussolini's desire to draw closer to Nazi Germany and to create a more powerful racial myth which could unite the Italian nation. Antisemitism played a prominent role in the new Aryan idea, as reflected in the "Manifesto." In 1939 the "Mediterraneanists" succeeded in taking over the party and government apparatus; the "Nordic" idea was replaced by the "Mediterranean" one, and the Office of Racial Studies began to place less stress on antisemitism. The "Manifesto, " however, was never repealed.
    Note: The appendix (pp. 318-320) presents an English translation of the text of the Manifesto.
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  • 3
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    Article
    On the 80th anniversary of the Racial Laws : articles reflecting the current scholarship on Italian Fascist anti-Semitism in honour of Michele Sarfatti. (2019)
    In:  Journal of Modern Italian Studies 24,1 (2019) 1-13
    Details
    ISSN: 1354-571X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2019
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Modern Italian Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 24,1 (2019) 1-13
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Historiography ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jews Legal status, laws, etc. 20th century ; History
    Abstract: This special issue of the Journal of Modern Italian Studies, edited by Annalisa Capristo and Ernest Ialongo, marks the 80th anniversary of the implementation of the Racial Laws in Fascist Italy. It is an opportunity to assess the evolution of the historical literature on Fascist anti-Semitism and to mark future directions for research, but also to pay homage to Michele Sarfatti, who was critical in the development of the current state of the historiography on the subject. Where the earlier work, before the 1980s, was founded on the idea of "Italiani brava gente", wherein Italy's role was downplayed in the persecution of the Jews and in the Holocaust, that Italians were simply too humane to have participated in such horrific events, Sarfatti's work launched a veritable revolution in the field, which dismantled all the tenets of the original consensus. This introduction surveys these developments, and summarizes the contributions of the varied authors published here who continue to challenge old truths and bring us closer to a more full and accurate understanding of Fascist anti-Semitism.
    DOI: 10.1080/1354571X.2019.1550695
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  • 4
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    Article
    On the use of Nazi sources for the study of Fascist Jewish policy in the Italian-occupied territories : the case of south-eastern France, November 1942-July 1943. (2019)
    In:  Journal of Modern Italian Studies 24,1 (2019) 63-78
    Details
    ISSN: 1354-571X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2019
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Modern Italian Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 24,1 (2019) 63-78
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Sources ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; World War, 1939-1945 Deportations from France ; France, Southeast ; Vichy (France)
    Abstract: This article discusses the use of Nazi sources for the study of Fascist Italy's policy towards Jews in 1940-1943. By exposing the gap between the Nazi perception of and the reality of the Fascist policy towards Jews in Italian-occupied south-eastern France, the article demonstrates that Rome's refusal to hand over Jews for deportation did not contradict the fundamental antisemitic nature of its Jewish policy in that context. Thus, the article highlights the risks for historians to read the Fascist Jewish policy through Nazi lenses and thereby fall prey to stereotypical characterizations of the Italians as insubordinate, scheming and driven by what an SS official disparagingly labelled a "Jewish-friendly attitude". At the same time, the article shows that, when combined with Fascist sources, Nazi sources can help shed light on the conceptual divide that underpinned the Axis partners' disagreement over the means by which the "Jewish problem" should be "solved", thereby exposing the analytical limitations of the current prevailing understanding of the Fascist refusal to hand over the Jews as purely the outcome of "pragmatic" opportunistic considerations.
    DOI: 10.1080/1354571X.2019.1550699
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  • 5
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    Article
    Transatlantic Catholic responses to Fascist anti-Semitism : the Racial Laws of 1938 in the Jesuit press of "America" and "Civiltà Cattolica". (2019)
    In:  Journal of Modern Italian Studies 24,1 (2019) 14-31
    Details
    ISSN: 1354-571X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2019
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Modern Italian Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 24,1 (2019) 14-31
    Keywords: Catholic Church Relations ; Judaism ; Civiltà cattolica ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Press coverage ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Press coverage ; Christianity and antisemitism History 20th century
    Abstract: This article examines the Catholic responses to the Fascist Racial Laws in a transatlantic and comparative perspective. It looks specifically at two foremost publications of the Jesuit press in Rome and New York: Civiltà Cattolica and America, respectively. The comparative approach helps to comprehend the variety of factors behind editorial choices: readership, political context, Vatican directions, censorship, and silence. Jesuits on both sides of the Atlantic interpreted the anti-Semitic turn of the Fascist regime as an imitation of Nazi Germany and with the persistent hope that Italian policies would be milder and more "civilized". The shaping of the myth of the "good Italian" was an early process in which Church voices, including the Pope himself, took a significant part. This article argues that despite contextual differences, both Jesuit publications demonstrated a transnational pattern of Catholic relation to the Jews: endorsing Pius XI's statements, they spoke out against racism but did not extend their condemnations to a full rejection of anti-Semitism in its religious and secular components. The disapproval of Italy's Racial Laws was not a defense of the Jews of Italy.
    DOI: 10.1080/1354571X.2019.1550696
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  • 6
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    Article
    The board of deputies of British Jews and the initial phase of the Italian racial laws : reactions and strategies (1938-1940). (2019)
    In:  Journal of Modern Italian Studies 24,1 (2019) 48-62
    Details
    ISSN: 1354-571X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2019
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Modern Italian Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 24,1 (2019) 48-62
    Keywords: Jewish chronicle (London, England : 1845) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Foreign public opinion, British ; Jews Charities ; Jewish press History 20th century
    Abstract: This article aims to reconstruct the activities of the Board of Jewish Deputies, the central representative body of British Jewry, in support of the Italian Jews affected by the Fascist Racial Laws of 1938. By analysing the institution's documents and examining the most widely read Jewish newspaper in the U.K., the Jewish Chronicle, this research investigates how the initial phase of the Italian anti-Semitic campaign was received in Great Britain, and what measures were put in place by British Jewry in their attempts to help the Italian Jews. The Jewish historian, Cecil Roth, played an important role during this phase, in active collaboration with the leadership of the Board and the staff of the Jewish Chronicle, gathering as much information as possible on Italy and its history in order to shed light on the events that were taking place during the first years of the Racial Laws and until the entrance of Italy into WWII (1938-1940). The involvement of certain members of the Foreign Office with links to the Board, and the shared goal of helping Italian Jewry, was also fundamental in this period.
    DOI: 10.1080/1354571X.2019.1550698
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    The antifascist climate and the Italian intellectual exile in interwar Argentina. (2010)
    In:  Journal of Modern Italian Studies 15,5 (2010) 693-714
    Details
    ISSN: 1354-571X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2010
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Modern Italian Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 15,5 (2010) 693-714
    Keywords: Jewish refugees ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Italy Emigration and immigration ; History
    DOI: 10.1080/1354571X.2010.523539
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    Renzo De Felice, "Rosso e Nero" (1995). (1999)
    In:  Journal of Modern Italian Studies 4,1 (1999) 97-116
    Details
    ISSN: 1354-571X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1999
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Modern Italian Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 4,1 (1999) 97-116
    Keywords: De Felice, Renzo, ; Fascism History 1922-1945 ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
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  • 9
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    Article
    "Symposium on Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust in Italy". (2002)
    In:  Journal of Modern Italian Studies 7,2 (2002)
    Details
    ISSN: 1354-571X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2002
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Modern Italian Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 7,2 (2002)
    Keywords: Pius ; Zuccotti, Susan S. ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Catholic Church ; Church history 20th century ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Description / Table of Contents: Alcorn, John. Introduction. 215-218.
    Description / Table of Contents: Rychlak, Ronald J.. Comments on Susan Zuccotti's "Under His Very Windows". 218-240.
    Description / Table of Contents: Zuccotti, Susan S.. Debate with Ronald Rychlak. 240-261.
    Description / Table of Contents: Coppa, Frank J.. Pius XII between history and controversy. 261-266.
    Description / Table of Contents: De Grand, Alexander J.. Comments on Rychlak and Zuccotti. 266-268.
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