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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  Holocaust Studies 26,1 (2020) 1-37
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Holocaust Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 26,1 (2020) 1-37
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jewish ghettos ; Underground areas ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance
    Abstract: This study has explored the use of the subterranean dimension during the Jewish Holocaust in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. The study has found that facing extermination by the Germans, in many ghettos Jewish fighting groups and ghetto inhabitants built and made extensive use of underground hideouts, bunkers, tunnels and sewer systems. This subterranean dimension enabled Jewish resisters to build up a modest military force, run operations against the Germans and rescue members from the ghettos. The volume and effective use of the subterranean dimension by Jewish fighting groups were shaped by the geographical conditions in the ghettos, the commanders’ military skills and strategy of resistance, and by the relationship with the ghettos’ administration and inhabitants, and with local non-Jewish resistance groups. With the partial exception of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, Jewish fighting groups in many ghettos made fatal operational and tactical errors that undermined the use of the subterranean dimension.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Holocaust Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 29,1 (2023) 66-115
    Keywords: Jewish ghettos ; Jewish ghettos ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance ; Będzin (Poland) Buildings, structures, etc. ; Sosnowiec (Wojewodztwo Slaskie, Poland) Buildings, structures, etc.
    Abstract: This article frames the historical question about the Jewish organized resistance in the Będzin and Sosnowiec ghettos in geographical terms. Jewish youth groups utilized the subterranean dimension in these ghettos for rescue, storage, arms collection, and hiding. Most of these groups failed to utilize the underground spaces effectively in military terms. The complicated relations among the Jewish youth groups, the larger ghetto communities, and the ghetto administration further hindered effective resistance efforts. Employing geographical tools this article analyzes the activity of the Jewish resisters during the liquidation of the Będzin and Sosnowiec ghettos, and locates most of the resisters’ hideouts.
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