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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  World Congress of Jewish Studies 9,B, vol.3 (1985) 17-20
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1985
    Titel der Quelle: World Congress of Jewish Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 9,B, vol.3 (1985) 17-20
    Keywords: Jews History 1800-2000 ; Jews Cultural assimilation
    Abstract: Assimilation, accepted by many liberal Poles and Jews in the mid-19th century as the solution to the "Jewish problem, " was generally believed by the 1890s to have failed. The assimilated Jews felt that they had not achieved full civil rights, and were surprised by the emergence of modern anti-assimilationist trends such as Zionism and Orthodoxy. Assimilationism could not answer economic and social problems resulting from the collapse of traditional Jewish society. On the other hand, polonized Jews were still identified as Jews by the surrounding society and, having left their traditional role, were seen as being even more dangerous. Antisemitism became part of Polish nationalist ideology which rejected "alien" influences.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
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    In:  Jewish Studies at the Central European University 3 (2002-2003) 39-51
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2002
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies at the Central European University
    Angaben zur Quelle: 3 (2002-2003) 39-51
    Keywords: Antisemitism History 1945-
    Abstract: Attempts to clarify the persistence of antisemitism in Poland, partly against the background of two surveys, one conducted in 1992 by the Jewish Historical Institute, the other a monitoring of antisemitism between 1991-2001. Notes a long-term postwar decline in antisemitism, which changed due to frustration caused by the collapse of communism, and when antisemitic rhetoric was used by groups seeking political advantage. This trend continues today, even when there are few Jews remaining in Poland. Stereotypes remain, with their content changing only gradually. Antisemitism is found more among young people and nationalistic Catholics. The latter are not part of the official Church hierarchy, but are influential due to their use of radio (Radio Maryja) and the press. Ruling parties since 1997 have included chauvinistic parties which claim not to be antisemitic; however, this is belied by both their words and deeds. The government tolerates this somewhat masked antisemitism, often disguised as attacks on "anti-Polonism". Holocaust denial also exists.
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    In:  Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts 4 (2005) 445-458
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2005
    Titel der Quelle: Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts
    Angaben zur Quelle: 4 (2005) 445-458
    Keywords: Jews History 1800-2000 ; Antisemitism History 1800-2000 ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jews Periodicals ; Antisemitism Periodicals
    Abstract: In prewar Poland, the word "ghetto" did not refer to a rigid physical separation between Jews and non-Jews, since this was not the existing situation. However, the term was used as a metaphor with negative connotations, such as backwardness and isolation. It was used thus by both Jewish assimilationists and non-Jews - positivists, who believed that the Jews could become worthy citizens, and also by antisemites, who opposed Jewish assimilation. Polish conservatives, both political and religious (including Catholics from ca. 1890), became increasingly racist and called for social segregation and discrimination. In the 20th century, popular Catholic periodicals called for the separation of Jews from Poles. With the rise of Hitler in Germany, his anti-Jewish restrictions found favor in the eyes of many Poles, who also began to introduce restrictions. Polish discourse increasingly called for isolation of the Jews. From the mid-1930s, antisemitic propaganda popularized the idea of a ghetto in the Nazi style, thus preparing the Poles for acceptance of the imminent Nazi ghettos, which were the prelude to concentration camps.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    In:  Etnografia żydowska do 1945 roku (2016) 115-129
    Language: Polish
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Etnografia żydowska do 1945 roku
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 115-129
    Keywords: Weinreich, Max, ; Jews Study and teaching ; Jews Folklore ; Study and teaching
    Note: In Polish and English on the same page.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1993
    Titel der Quelle: Bibliographies of Polish Judaica
    Angaben zur Quelle: (1993) 47-53
    Keywords: Jews Periodicals ; Jewish periodicals Bibliography
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    In:  Polin; Studies in Polish Jewry 1 (1986) 130-150
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1986
    Titel der Quelle: Polin; Studies in Polish Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 1 (1986) 130-150
    Keywords: Jews History 19th century ; Jews Cultural assimilation 19th century ; History ; Antisemitism History 19th century
    Abstract: Assimilation, accepted by many liberal Poles and Jews in the mid-19th century as the solution to the "Jewish problem", was generally believed by the 1890s to have failed. The assimilated Jews felt that they had not achieved full civil rights, and were surprised by the emergence of modern anti-assimilationist trends such as Zionism and Orthodoxy. Assimilationism could not answer economic and social problems resulting from the collapse of traditional Jewish society. On the other hand, Polonized Jews were still identified as Jews by the surrounding society and, having left their traditional role, were seen as being even more dangerous. Antisemitism became part of the Polish nationalist ideology which rejected "alien" influences.
    Note: Record created automatically from multi-article record # 000085739
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    In:  Polin; Studies in Polish Jewry 8 (1994) 42-65
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1994
    Titel der Quelle: Polin; Studies in Polish Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 8 (1994) 42-65
    Keywords: Jews History 1800-2000
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    In:  Jewish Folklore and Ethnology Review 17,1-2 (1995) 16-19
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1995
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Folklore and Ethnology Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 17,1-2 (1995) 16-19
    Keywords: Jews ; Judaism Relations ; Christianity ; Christianity and other religions Judaism ; Hasidism ; Saints Cult ; Judaism
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    In:  International Review of Social History 30,3 (1985) 342-373
    Language: German
    Year of publication: 1985
    Titel der Quelle: International Review of Social History
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30,3 (1985) 342-373
    Keywords: Jews History 19th century ; Antisemitism History 19th century
    Abstract: Describes the prejudices and superstitions concerning Jews that were firmly rooted in the Polish populace. The late 19th century saw many ritual murder accusations, and pogroms which broke out due to rumors of ritual murder. Although Poles welcomed Jews in the 1860s to join the movement for national independence, by the end of the century antisemitism had spread to ever-wider circles. Discusses the antisemitic press, in particular the newspapers "Rola" and "Głos" and their founders who disseminated anti-Jewish propaganda. Relates, also, to Roman Dmowski, the leader of the movement and political party National Democracy (Endecja), who introduced antisemitism into the movement.
    Note: Record created automatically from multi-article record # 000322748
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  • 10
    Language: Polish
    Year of publication: 1992
    Titel der Quelle: Polska, polacy, mniejszości narodowe
    Angaben zur Quelle: (1992)
    Keywords: Narodowa Demokracja (Political party : Poland) History ; Oboz Zjednoczenia Narodowego (Poland) History ; Jews History 1800-2000 ; Jews History 1918-1939 ; Jews History 1918-1945 ; Jews History 1945- ; Catholics ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; World War, 1939-1945 Underground movements ; World War, 1939-1945 Periodicals ; Antisemitism History 1800-2000 ; Antisemitism History 1918-1939 ; Antisemitism History 1945- ; Universities and colleges History ; Jews Periodicals ; Jews ; Pogroms ; Kielce (Poland)
    Description / Table of Contents: Tomaszewski, Jerzy. Społeczność żydowska a Polacy w II Rzeczypospolitej. [On relations between Jews and Poles in the interwar period, including antisemitism.] 111-119.
    Description / Table of Contents: Kulak, Teresa; Kawalec, Krzysztof. Endecja wobec kwestii żydowskiej (lata 1893-1939). [Appeared in English as "The attitude of the National Democracy to the Jewish question (1893-1939)" in "Polish Western Affairs" 34,1 (9) 67-89..] 121-138.
    Description / Table of Contents: Majchrowski, Jacek M.. Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego wobec kwestii żydowskiej. [On the National Union Camp and the Jewish question in the late 1930s. Concludes that this Polish political movement wished to force the Jews to leave Poland, but their motives were nationalist and political and not racist.] 139-147.
    Description / Table of Contents: Gajewski, Stanisław. Katolickie organizacje akademickie wobec kwestii żydowskiej w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej. [On Catholic academic organizations and the Jewish question in Poland in the interwar period.] 149-155.
    Description / Table of Contents: Kersten, Krystyna. Pogrom kielecki - znaki zapytania. [On the pogrom in Kielce in 1946.] 157-192.
    Description / Table of Contents: Friszke, Andrzej. Publicystyka Polski podziemnej wobec zagłady Żydów 1939-1944. [Appeared also in "Biuletyn Żydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego" 196 (2000) 496-503. An English version appeared as "Attitudes toward the Jews in the Polish underground press, 1939-1944" in "Nazi Europe and the Final Solution" (2003) 163-174. Appeared in Spanish as "Actitudes hacia los judíos de la prensa del movimiento polaco en la clandestinidad, 1939-1944" in "La Europa nazi y la Solución Final" (2005) 221-237.] 193-213.
    Description / Table of Contents: Cała, Alina. Wizerunek Żyda w polskiej kulturze ludowej. [On the image of the Jew in Polish folk culture.] 215-223.
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