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  • 1
    Article
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    In:  Jewish Studies at the Central European University 5 (2005-2007) 23-40
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2005
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies at the Central European University
    Angaben zur Quelle: 5 (2005-2007) 23-40
    Keywords: Dönmeh ; Jews History 1800-2000 ; Jews History 1945- ; Islam Relations ; Judaism ; Antisemitism ; Jewish-Arab relations History 1945-
    Abstract: After the establishment of the secular Turkish Republic in 1923, a quick assimilation of the Dönmes, a Turkish Converso group, into the Turkish national identity began. However, the Turkish state and the country's competing political groups have not forgotten their existence, and the "Dönme question" has risen from time to time. In 1942, when the government imposed the extraordinary Capital Tax, the Dönmes were forced to pay twice the rate of other Muslims, while non-Muslims, including Jews, paid four times that rate. In 1946-80 both Turkish Islamists and ultra-nationalists used the Dönmes as a scapegoat for all that was wrong in the Republic. In the 1990s the Dönme debate arose once more. Leftists (e.g. Soner Yalçin, Yalçin Küçük), Islamists (e.g. Mehmed Şevket Eygi), and ultra-nationalists declared the Dönmes part of world Jewry supported by the USA and Israel, initiators of both the 1908 and 1923 revolutions, and holders of political power who steer the country toward Westernization. Kurdish and Armenian nationalists also blamed the Dönmes as part of world Jewry for inciting ethnic conflicts. Argues that the Dönme debate is in fact a debate concerning the secular and moderate character of Turkey and its Kemalist legacy.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  Kabbalah; Journal for the Study of Jewish Mystical Texts 9 (2003) 77-108
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2003
    Titel der Quelle: Kabbalah; Journal for the Study of Jewish Mystical Texts
    Angaben zur Quelle: 9 (2003) 77-108
    Keywords: Dönmeh ; Antisemitism
    Abstract: Although members of the Dönme community in Turkey view themselves as Muslims, they are seen as Jews by significant parts of the population. Antisemitic rhetoric, both popular and intellectual, scapegoats them for all the ills, past and present, of Turkey. Such rhetoric is used both by conservative Islamists, who blame the Dönme, inter alia, for the fall of the Ottoman Empire, and by ultra-nationalists, who stress racial purity. The Dönme are blamed by some (e.g. Kurdish nationalists, who are disappointed that the "Jews" do not sympathize with their aspirations for independence) for Turkification and by others for opposing it. They are criticized for the way "the Jewish press" allegedly dominates Turkish life, and are accused of controlling the national economy to the detriment of others. Anti-Jewish stereotypes combine with conspiracy theory to accuse the hidden Jewish enemy of being behind attempts, like the communist one, to dominate the world in general and Turkey in particular.
    Note: On the negative image of the "Dönme" in Turkey, from the 1920s to the present.
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    In:  Kabbalah; Journal for the Study of Jewish Mystical Texts 13 (2005) 109-139
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2005
    Titel der Quelle: Kabbalah; Journal for the Study of Jewish Mystical Texts
    Angaben zur Quelle: 13 (2005) 109-139
    Keywords: Yalçin, Soner. ; Küçük, Yalçın ; Dönmeh ; Antisemitism History 20th century ; Antisemitism History 21st century
    Abstract: Discusses the bestselling, purportedly investigative, book "Efendi: Beyaz Türklerin Büyük Sιrrι" ("Efendi: The Great Secret of the White Turks") by the journalist Soner Yalçin, published in Turkey in 2004, in terms of its propagation of a conspiracy theory regarding the negative influence of descendants of Jews in the Turkish political sphere. The concept "White Turks" has appeared only in the last 10-15 years, representing a social group with an urban, Western, cosmopolitan character, adhering to the principles of the Republic and of Atatürk. They are depicted as having intermarried with Sabbateans (or Dönmes), of Jewish origin, and are blamed, inter alia, for the establishment of the secular Turkish Republic and for anti-"Black Turk" (traditional Muslim) values and institutions. Shows that the book's alleged novelty in regard to the idea of the "Judaizing" of Turkey is not new, but dates from the 1960s. Yalçin expresses Islamist rejection of Western values supposedly introduced into Muslim society by former or hidden Jews. Highlights the role of the publishing conglomerate in hyping the book and the large-scale failure of Turkish intellectuals to challenge the work's questionable ideas and presentation.
    Note: An earlier version appeared in "Birikim" (June 2004).
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Turkish Jews and their Diasporas
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 235-246
    Keywords: AK Parti (Turkey) ; Jews Social conditions 21st century ; Turkey Foreign public opinion 21st century ; History
    Abstract: Turkey is a regular news feature in the world media. And within this interest, one of the subjects that most engages the Western press is the current gradual process wherein the control of a self-proclaimed secular republic, long-protected and preserved by a military that viewed itself as the guardian of its secular character along with the rest of Atatürk’s legacy has democratically passed to the Justice and Development Party (AKP in Turkish) led by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The party, which claims not to be Islamist, has nevertheless unwaveringly imposed its socially conservative vision on Turkish society, in the process severely weakening the Republic’s traditional principle of uncompromising secularism, as well as the influence of the Turkish military, its traditional guardian. It is therefore unsurprising that the developments of the past one-and-a-half decades have been a subject of fascination and frequent reporting for the western press.
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Global Impact of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" (2011) 220-228
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2011
    Titel der Quelle: The Global Impact of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion"
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2011) 220-228
    Keywords: Protocols of the wise men of Zion ; Antisemitism History 20th century
    Abstract: The text of the "Protocols" has been widely used since 1945 by ultra-nationalists and Islamists in Turkey, for political goals.
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    In:  Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds (2021) 223-237
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 223-237
    Keywords: Antisemitism History 20th century ; Antisemitism History 21st century ; Israel Foreign relations ; Turkey Politics and government 20th century
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2013
    Titel der Quelle: Resurgent Antisemitism
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2013) 308-336
    Keywords: Antisemitism ; Jews ; Judaism Relations ; Islam ; Islam Relations ; Judaism ; Arab-Israeli conflict ; Turkey Foreign relations ; Israel Foreign relations
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    In:  Les Cahiers du Judaïsme 32 (2011) 46-52
    Language: French
    Year of publication: 2011
    Titel der Quelle: Les Cahiers du Judaïsme
    Angaben zur Quelle: 32 (2011) 46-52
    Keywords: Jews in literature ; Judaism in literature ; Jewish literature History and criticism
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  • 9
    Language: French
    Year of publication: 1999
    Titel der Quelle: CEMOTI
    Angaben zur Quelle: 28 (1999) 109-118
    Keywords: Association turque pour la lutte contre le sionisme ; Antisemitism
    Abstract: Examines the role of an anti-Zionist political party in the rise of antisemitic feeling in Turkey after the Six-Day War. As the conflict between left and right reached a climax in 1970, many were convinced that Zionism posed as great a threat to Turkey as communism. "Kavgam", the Turkish translation of "Mein Kampf", was reprinted several times between 1960-81, testimony to the growing antisemitic polemic in nationalist circles. Founded in 1968, the Association published its views emphasizing the danger of the international Jew to the Islamic world in its journal "Fedai". The organization's first president, Kemal Fedai Coşkuner, launched thinly-veiled attacks on Judaism under the guise of anti-Zionism, until he was charged with incitement by the court in Istanbul. Questions why Turkey does not enact legislation prohibiting racism, including sanctions which might discourage the current rash of antisemitism in the media.
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1999
    Titel der Quelle: CEMOTI
    Angaben zur Quelle: 28 (1999) 95-108
    Keywords: Antisemitism ; Jews ; Judaism Relations ; Islam ; Islam Relations ; Judaism ; Antisemitism ; Jewish-Arab relations History 1945-
    Abstract: Examines the main antisemitic and anti-Zionist motifs in the rhetoric of Islamist parties in Turkey - the National Order Party founded in 1970 and its successors, the National Salvation Party, Welfare Party, and Virtue Party - mainly as they were pronounced by the leader of these successive parties, Necmettin Erbakan. Among the recurring topics are Israeli expansionism and putative territorial claims to Turkey, Zionist expansionism forcing Turkey to join the Common Market (to counter it), Zionism as the source of anarchy in Turkey, and the Jewish drive for world domination. Remarkably, the "Zionist" and the "international Jew" are abstract, symbolic figures for Erbakan and his followers, and their attitude toward Turkish Jews is different. The thriving Jewish community of Turkey is a demonstration of Islamist tolerance. During his tenure as prime minister (in the 1990s), Erbakan maintained good relations with Israel and with American Jewish organizations. The Turkish Islamists seem to make a distinction between rhetoric and Realpolitik.
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