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  • 1
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1994
    Titel der Quelle: Israel Law Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 28,4 (1994) 601-625
    Keywords: Arendt, Hannah, ; War crime trials ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Nuremberg Trial of Major German War Criminals, Nuremberg, Germany, 1945-1946
    Abstract: Analyzes the basis for the Nazi war crimes trials (Nuremberg, Eichmann), highlighting the views of Hannah Arendt and Robert Jackson, chief prosecutor at Nuremberg. Since the special courts and their legislation had been created post-factum, a crucial criterion in their deliberations was the individual's ability to tell right from wrong. Defends Arendt's view that Eichmann's actions stemmed from his lack of self-reflection rather than deep-seated evil. Argues that the Israeli court was right to condemn Eichmann, both as a moral duty to the victims and as a defense of civilization in general. Discusses both Churchill's view that the Nazis' fate was a political not a judicial question and the American legal positivism which led to the Nuremberg Tribunal's establishment. While the Crimes Against Peace and War Crimes Courts could exist (uneasily) on the basis of the need to protect the international status quo, the Crimes Against Humanity Court had to resort to the concept of "universal values" trampled by the defendants. Argues that though modern thought has emphasized the relativity of moral values, there exists moral dialogue within everyone, the abandonment of which justifies punishment.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2019
    Titel der Quelle: Shofar; an Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 37,1 (2019) 41-71
    Keywords: Friedman, James ; Demnig, Gunter, ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Commemoration ; Holocaust memorials ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in art
    Abstract: Living memorials encourage reflection about the space of traumatic events, about the remains held (or forgotten, obfuscated), and they also encourage reflection about the return of traumatic events. How are the patterns of antisemitism, racism, and xenophobia returning now? How, if at all, do reminders of the fascist past change the approach to the present? This essay reads two living memorials, James Friedman's photographic series "12 Nazi Concentration Camps" and Gunter Demnig's "Stolpersteine", as lenses through which to analyze how we interact with spaces of trauma and how the aesthetics of these photographs or stones create vibrant memorial spaces. Examining the affective nature of interacting with traumatic landscapes, this essay argues that each space calls up distinct aspects of the Nazi genocide, and each memory tourist finds a new meaning in the process of being in these spaces. The very process of interacting with traumatic landscapes alters the living memory or postmemory generated through the interchange between people and powerful things.
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