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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 84,2 (2021) 219-236
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 84,2 (2021) 219-236
    Keywords: Talmud Bavli Language, style ; Talmud Bavli Manuscripts ; Cairo Genizah ; Jewish magic ; Aramaic language, Talmudic Terms and phrases ; Persian language Influence on Aramaic
    Abstract: The Persian lexeme pahrēz-, pahrēxtan (inf.), “to avoid, to abstain” and also “to care, to protect”, is found in Jewish, Christian, and Mandaic magical literature. It is also current in Mandaic works, and is found in some Geonic works in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic. It has not yet been found in the Babylonian Talmud itself. In this article I discuss a recently discovered occurrence of this word in a reconstructed codex of chapters of Babylonian Talmud, found in the Cairo Genizah (GM). I begin with a reading of the talmudic sugiya. I then discuss other uses of pahrēz in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, in other dialects of Eastern Aramaic, and in Middle Persian. I end with a re-reading of the talmudic sugiya in GM in light of the meaning of pahrēz.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  European Genizah; Newly Discovered Hebrew Binding Fragments in Context (2020) 84-106
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: European Genizah; Newly Discovered Hebrew Binding Fragments in Context
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 84-106
    Keywords: Books within Books: Hebrew Fragments in European Libraries (Project) ; Sifrei. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Sifrei Manuscripts ; Manuscripts, Hebrew
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    In:  Jewish Quarterly Review 111,4 (2021) 529-554
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Quarterly Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 111,4 (2021) 529-554
    Keywords: Coins in rabbinic literature ; Coins, Roman ; Judaism Relations ; Roman religion ; Idolatry in rabbinic literature
    Abstract: Tannaitic literature, the earliest stratum of rabbinic literature, offers a detailed account of a complex and multivalent relationship between a small group of provincial subjects of the Roman Empire and their coins, couched in legal terms. In this article, I discuss tannaitic prescriptions for use and abuse of coins against the backdrop of other nonrabbinic Jewish approaches to Roman coinage, and in the context of the political meaning of coin use in the Roman Empire. For the Early rabbis, coins are a special category of object, governed by their own rules and made special by the image on them, which the rabbis do not consider idolatrous. To fulfill some obligations imposed by the Torah or the rabbis, the rabbis required the use of "current" (i.e., Roman-approved) coinage while arrogating to themselves the authority to regulate individual coins and to order them pulled from circulation. Coins are thus an interesting test case for the complex relationship between the Early rabbis and the empire to which they were subject.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    In:  Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 65,5-6 (2022) 675-706
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
    Angaben zur Quelle: 65,5-6 (2022) 675-706
    Keywords: Cairo Genizah ; Jews Sources Economic conditions ; Manuscripts (Papyri) ; Loans (Jewish law)
    Abstract: This article is a new reading of a Hebrew letter, Oxford MS Heb.d.69(P), written on papyrus and dated tentatively by scholars to the 6th century. The article begins with a new edition of the letter, first published in 1903, its first translation into English, a discussion of its language and epistolary conventions, including layout, script, and formulary. In the letter, written by the scribe Isi, the lender Lazar describes to Jacob the borrower the history of their contract, and the former’s attempts to collect, and demands payment. I discuss the currency mentioned in this description, the terms of the loan, and the rate of interest it reflects. The article ends with a discussion of the broader usefulness of this letter for the economic and social history of Jewish provincials in Byzantine Egypt.
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