Language:
English
Year of publication:
2001
Titel der Quelle:
Russian Review
Angaben zur Quelle:
60,3 (2001) 404-419
Keywords:
Antisemitism History 1800-2000
;
Jews History 1800-2000
Abstract:
The number of Russian Jews forced from their homes and deported to internal areas of Russia in 1914-17 is estimated as half a million to a million. Examines the stages of these actions - from spontaneous resettlement carried out by local commanders, not authorized from above, through a deliberate policy in early 1915 authorized by the chief of army headquarters General Yanushkevich, to the taking of Jewish hostages introduced by Yanushkevich's successor Alekseyev in mid-1915. This policy was opposed by the civilian administration; it was abolished at the end of 1915. Argues that the expropriation of Jewish property was a major motive for the relocations, as well as the pogroms that accompanied them; in three-quarters of the pogroms, soldiers and Cossacks were the initiators and main perpetrators. The expulsion campaign had destructive consequences for Russia; it undermined war efforts, shifted the war from an external to a civil one, caused moderates to become disillusioned with the Tsar and his regime, radicalized the Jews, and institutionalized the expropriation of private property, thereby precipitating the revolution.
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