Language:
Polish
Year of publication:
2022
Titel der Quelle:
Kwartalnik Historii Żydów
Angaben zur Quelle:
284 (2022) 763-773
Keywords:
An-Ski, S.,
;
Kamińska, Ida
;
Melman, Marian,
;
Państwowy Teatr Żydowski im. Ester Rachel Kamińskiej
;
Ṿilner trupe
;
ha-Bimah
;
Yiddish drama History and criticism
;
Jews Folklore
;
Jewish theater
Abstract:
In 2020, the Jewish Theatre celebrated two important anniversaries: the centenary of Szymon An-ski's most famous Jewish play The Dybbuk and the 70th anniversary of the nationalization of the Jewish Theatre in Poland. The article recalls the history of Dybbuk, which was inspired by Jewish folklore, studied by An–ski in Podolia and Volhynia in 1911–1913. The manuscript of this play was written in Russian and sent to the famous Moscow Art Theatre. The author of The Dybbuk took advantage of the advice given by its director Konstantin Stanislavski. The influence of the Russian theatre of the time was noticeable in stagings of The Dybbuk – in Yiddish (1920, Warsaw) and Hebrew (1922, Moscow) and thus shaped the modern stage form of Yiddish and Israeli art. The nationalization of the Jewish Theatre, which took place thanks to the efforts of the then directors, Ida Kamińska and Marian Melman, meant the stabilization of Jewish theatrical art, which had been dependent on financial support of the Jewish audience for a hundred years. This is how the “Polish state-owned Jewish Theatre” was created, which could count on a state subsidy, but at the same time, especially in the 1950s, was subject to strong political indoctrination, which manifested itself mainly in the choice of plays.
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