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  • 2020-2024  (6,167)
  • 2015-2019  (7,417)
  • 1920 - 1924
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  • 11
    Article
    Article
    In:  Contemporary Jewry 43,3-4 (2023) 519–550
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 519–550
    Keywords: Pew Research Center ; Jews Identity ; Jews Population ; Jews Cultural assimilation
    Abstract: The “Jewish Enterprise” (Mordecai Kaplan’s term) consists of all attitudes and actions, not just religious, which are held or performed by people who call themselves Jewish. This paper focuses on Pew 2020 variables that measure non-religious attitudes and behaviors of self-identified Jewish Americans. The Pew 2020 survey includes more non-religious indicators than did Pew 2013. We investigate how well these newer questions measure the “Jewish Enterprise,” and also identify important topics that are not measured by either Pew study. We characterize the distribution of non-religious attitudes and behaviors from the perspective of three different classifications of the Jewish American population (Jewish type, denomination, and Jewish engagement). The results of our analysis show important characteristics of the Jewish American population that are not made visible in the Pew 2020 report. This paper concludes with recommendations for changes in future national and regional studies that will enable the capture and display of additional important non-religious information over the entire self-identifying Jewish American population.
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,2 (2023) 127-147
    Keywords: Schapiro, Meyer, ; Jewish Museum (New York, N.Y.) ; Art critics ; Jews Identity ; Art criticism History 20th century
    Abstract: Meyer Schapiro was among a handful of New York’s most prominent Jewish thinkers writing about modern art during the post-Second World War period, just as the international center of new art had shifted there from Paris. Unlike his contemporaries Clement Greenberg and Harold Rosenberg, however, Schapiro is thought to have “seldom” or only “subliminally” addressed questions of Jewish identity, suggesting that he avoided or suppressed the matter. Yet his nearly four-decade-long relationship with the Jewish Museum of New York tells a different story. Schapiro’s unpublished correspondence, memoranda, and addresses reveal his role in transforming the Jewish Museum into a venue for avant-garde art and his urging Jewish acceptance of modern art, including works that were not visibly Jewish or that were created by non-Jews. These efforts reflect the ways his kinship with the Jewish community prompted his articulation of universal values of humanitarianism and social justice that he associated with Judaism, values that coincided with his social activism. The archival materials also show how Schapiro engaged with questions of Jewish identity as he drew on his scholarly knowledge and his affinity with the Jewish community to further the appreciation of modern art for the benefit of Jewish and non-Jewish artists and audiences.
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  • 13
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,2 (2023) 212-233
    Keywords: Lowdermilk, W. C. ; Neumann, Emanuel, ; Silver, Abba Hillel, ; Water resources development ; Zionists Attitudes ; Zionism History 20th century ; Jewish-Arab relations ; Israel and the diaspora ; Jews Attitudes toward Israel 20th century
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,1 (2023) 93-123
    Keywords: Graetz, Heinrich, ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Sexual ethics ; Jews Sexual behavior ; Masculinity Religious aspects ; Judaism ; Femininity Religious aspects ; Judaism
    Abstract: Heinrich Graetz (1817–1891), the famous historian and biblical exegete, penned his commentary to the Song of Songs in 1871 to counter rising antisemitism fueled by racialized fantasies of Jewish gender and sexuality. Graetz contested antisemitic tropes of Jewish masculinity and femininity by reconfiguring the Song of Songs, this most blatantly erotic book of scripture, as a testament to and celebration of Jewish chastity. Against the lascivious femme fatal, Graetz introduced the tender Sulamit, whose paradigmatic chastity renders romantic ardor into asexual, sisterly affection. In contrast to the effeminate Jew, Graetz introduced the Friend, a brawny adventurer whose masculine attempt at chastity only reveals his sexual potency. Graetz leverages the co-constitutive relationships among gender, class, and race to bestow on these figures not only the bourgeois virtues connoted by their chastity, but also associations of whiteness and middle-class belonging. Graetz’s exegetical construction of new models of Jewish femininity and masculinity was no mere theoretical exercise, but a response to matters of life and death as the rise of sexually transmitted diseases coalesced into a public health crisis. With the specter of syphilis in the background, Graetz’s commentary to the Song of Songs proffered German Jews—and German Christians—a Semitic path to redemption from the immorality crippling fin-de-siècle Germany.
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,2 (2023) 148-163
    Keywords: Wiesel, Élie, ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Personal narratives ; Witnesses ; Perception (Philosophy) ; Holocaust survivors
    Abstract: This article explores how the relationship between a victim/survivor in a Shoah testimony and the audience (e.g., the listener, reader, or scholar) is shaped by the account, and inquires how the relationships may evolve when there are no survivors left. I argue that survivor testimonies pass the role of witness to the audience, thus intertwining the processes of witnessing (i.e., experienced by a victim or survivor) and post-witnessing (i.e., experienced through testimonies or other first-person accounts)—especially in the case of scholars. This study uses the survivor Elie Wiesel’s work as a case study to demonstrate that the role of a witness can become a transferable legacy. To examine this topic, I draw on current post-witnessing theories, Affect Theory, a hermeneutic approach to Wiesel’s testimony, and a particularly evocative passage by Primo Levi that depicts gazing on someone which inflicts shame in the one looking.
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,1 (2023) 21-51
    Keywords: Jews Political activity ; Israel and the diaspora ; Anti-Nazi movement History ; Protest movements History 20th century ; British Relations with Jews ; Zionists Attitudes ; Eretz Israel Politics and government 1917-1948, British Mandate period
    Abstract: American Jews’ mass protests against Nazi antisemitism, begun soon after Hitler assumed power, provided a major impetus to, and model for, the post–World War II drive to establish a Jewish state. This postwar agitation had a considerable impact because, after the Holocaust, the Jewish population in the United States far exceeded that of any other country. The mass demonstrations of 1945–1948 were as large as those of the 1930s, even reaching 250,000, and in both periods, it was working- and lower–middle-class Jews who provided the intense commitment and huge numbers that proved critically important. Many speakers who had addressed the anti-Nazi rallies were featured at the postwar demonstrations for a Jewish state. Now promoting Zionist goals, American Jews turned to work stoppages, neighborhood rallies, and boycotts—resuming tactics deployed in the anti-Nazi campaign. Similarly, American Jews’ grassroots 1930s campaign to transport Jewish children from Nazi Germany to Palestine resurfaced after the Holocaust as a drive to generate mass support for the Haganah’s efforts to run Jewish displaced persons through the British blockade of Palestine. To great effect, American Zionists also frequently drew parallels between the Nazis’ actions and the British treatment of Jews in displaced persons camps, on refugee ships, and in the Yishuv.
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 595-631
    Keywords: Population geography ; Population geography ; Jews Population ; Jews Population ; Jewish communities
    Abstract: The release in March/April 2023 of England and Wales 2021 Census complete data on “usual residents” by the Office for National Statistics provides an opportunity to analyze, understand and comment on the current geographic disposition of Anglo–Jewry. The analysis presented in this paper incorporates data from the 2001 and 2011 censuses, and makes use of a geodemographic assessment of Jewish communities developed from the 2011 census, setting the scene for changes which have taken place, particularly in the last 10 years. Estimates of the scale of births, deaths and net migration in the 2011–2021 period have been developed to explain why the changes in population have taken place. The potential impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the census results is also considered. A total of 26 sub-communities in the London and Manchester areas, together with 34 free-standing communities, each with more than 200 Jewish residents, have been analyzed in detail. Unexpected changes in Stamford Hill, Gateshead and Bristol are investigated. A total of 42 smaller communities (60–200 members) are also identified. The paper shows that an understanding of the socio-economic characteristic of each of the communities explains their changes in population since 2011, particularly when factors such as “meta-suburbanisation” in the London fringe area, the impact of student numbers in university towns, and special factors affecting Haredi areas are also taken into account. The picture presented is one of a stable (indeed slightly growing) overall population, but with a large variation in fortunes of the many communities which make up Anglo–Jewry.
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  • 18
    Article
    Article
    In:  Contemporary Jewry 43,3-4 (2023) 711-732
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 711-732
    Keywords: Jews Identity ; Sephardim ; Jews Attitudes
    Abstract: This article deals with the position occupied by Québec’s Sephardic community within the transnational francophone Jewish field. On the one hand, it examines the roles and contributions played by nonlocal actors (rabbis, academics, journalists, etc.) within Québec’s French-speaking Sephardic public sphere. On the other, it offers insights into what specific ideas and conceptions of Jewishness might be “exported” out of Québec to the rest of the francophone Jewish world. Drawing from sociological literature on ethnic boundary-making and field theory, it aims to offer new insights into the specificities of francophone, Canadian, and Québécois Jewry. A geometrical data analysis of the articles published between 2018 and 2021 in the community’s flagship magazine, La Voix Sépharade, reveals that French- and Israeli-trained authors tend to be producers of abstract, international, and intellectual content. However, this is not synonymous with an “intellectual vacuum,” as Québec-trained authors also heavily contribute to these issues, although less so proportionately, and are more concentrated on practical and local issues. Following a more qualitative look at the magazine’s content and interviews with local actors, this article also makes the hypothesis that Québec’s “speciality” in the transnational francophone Jewish field is a heightened sense of equivalence between Sephardicness and Francophoneness on the one hand, and an idea of Sephardism as being a self-sufficient category of Jewishness on the other. Yet, given the small size of this Jewish population, this idea has to be seen more as an ideal rather than an institutionalized reality.
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 733-758
    Keywords: Jews, Polish Cultural assimilation ; Jews History 1945- ; Jews Identity 21st century ; History ; Jews Identity 20th century ; History
    Abstract: After the 1968 emigration, very few Jews remained in Poland, and even more miniscule was the number of “Jewish Jews.” Since then the number has grown somewhat, and much of it is due to the process of de-assimilation; i.e., some people with Jewish ancestors raised in completely Polonized families began to recover, reclaim, and readapt their Jewish background. An analysis of this phenomenon is offered with a series of putative reasons for its occurrence. The individuals constituting the “products” of de-assimilation are the majority of Polish Jews today and form much of the current leadership. While individuals everywhere can strengthen their ties to the Jewish people and can experience teshuvah or another kind of “Judaization,” the process of de-assimilation does not seem to be reducible to those moves. It begins with no Jewish identity, and is highly dependent on the attitudes and cultural trends in the majority society. It does not remove the de-assimilationists from the majority culture. The phenomenon is general and deserves to be studied as a sociological mechanism working in other cases of assimilation to a majority culture. In the Jewish case, it is especially dramatic. Probably the first example can be found in the evolution of the Marrano communities settled in Holland. The presence of de-assimilation seems to differentiate some European, first of all East European, communities from the globally dominant American and Israeli ones. Probably this rather new concept is needed to describe a significant part of the world of the Jews of twenty-first century Europe.
    Description / Table of Contents: Landau-Czajka, Anna . A response to Stanislaw Krajewski’s de-assimilation proposal. Ibid. 759-766.
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 573–594
    Keywords: Ultra-Orthodox Jews Attitudes ; Feminism ; Women Political activity ; Mizrahim Politics and government
    Abstract: Prior to the Israeli parliamentary elections in 2013, the No Voice, No Vote Facebook group was created, for the first time calling for women not to vote for ultra-Orthodox parties in Israel as long as they did not include women on their electoral list. This study, based on semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 15 ultra-Orthodox feminist women in Israel, examines the extent to which the Mizrahi identity of ultra-Orthodox feminist women has motivated the formation of the ultra-Orthodox feminist movement. The results show that the Mizrahi identity has a dominant presence in the ultra-Orthodox feminist movement and reveals parallels and similarities between Mizrahi feminism, Black feminism, and ultra-Orthodox feminism in Israel. As several key members of the movement are excluded from society due to multiple identity categories, the theory of intersectionality can explain the emergence of ultra-Orthodox feminism in Israel. Nevertheless, this article argues that intersectionality offers only a limited explanation in the case of the ultra-Orthodox feminist movement in Israel.
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