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  • RAMBI - רמב''י  (45)
  • 2020-2024  (45)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1945 - 1949
  • 2021  (45)
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Language
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  • 2020-2024  (45)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1945 - 1949
Year
  • 1
    Language: German
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021)
    Keywords: Bible Chronology ; Early works to 1800 ; Chronology, Historical ; Church history Early works to 1800 Chronology
    Abstract: The so-called Short Chronographic Paleya, compiled in the Novgorod area in the early 15th century, belongs to the Paleya literature, a genre long neglected because of a lack of text editions, and its complexity as well. This branch of the tradition links Old and New Testament history, para-biblical traditions and chronography from the creation of the world to the Byzantine emperor Romanos I. Lakapenos (10th century). For the first time, the Church Slavonic text of the Short Chronographic Paleya is now made accessible to scholars who are not Slavicists with a critical, parallel text edition (Church-Slavonic and German) with commentary and indexes, prepared by a Russian-German-Bulgarian team. The present article offers an overview of the contents from Jewish and Christian non-canonical, canonical and chronographic sources. An analysis of the methods of depicting time in the text shows that the compiler was an erudite computist who expected, along with his community, the end of the world within the coming decades.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  Reappraising the History of the Jews in the Netherlands (2021)
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Reappraising the History of the Jews in the Netherlands
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021)
    Keywords: Jews History Middle Ages, 500-1500 ; Christianity and antisemitism
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 403-426
    Language: German
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 403-426
    Keywords: Ecclesiasticus Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Eschatology in post-biblical literature ; Hebrew language, Post-Biblical Terms and phrases
    Abstract: The terms קץ and קצה have time and space implications in the book of Ben Sira. They are used at three different levels: in connection with humans, with non-spiritual beings and with the divine. Unlike God, humans are limited by time and space, but they do eventually alter their ontological existence: depending on their level of Torah obedience they will either be consigned to Sheol or will achieve a kind of closeness to God. But Ben Sira does not spell out his concept of afterlife. He uses the term קץ to describe his notion of eschatology and adds some apocalyptic remarks, but he does not mention directly the historic events of his time. Through the creation of celestial bodies, God constructs a calendar. In this way, humans move within a structured timeline that is theologically grounded.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 149-167
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 149-167
    Keywords: Judith (Apocryphal book). Versions ; Septuagint ; Fasts and feasts Judaism ; Ninth of Av ; Hanukkah
    Abstract: It is common for the Judith tale to be connected to the festival of Hanukkah. In this context, mostly, an acknowledgment is made that this connection between Judith and Hanukkah is of medieval Jewish provenance. Furthermore, it is quite clear that LXX Judith neither makes reference to Hanukkah nor alludes to that specific festival. However, despite being an obviously ludic text, LXX Judith makes pointed references to specific dates (albeit seemingly out of context) and certain agricultural activities that when viewed from a purely Jewish context strongly imply periods engaged with other Jewish festivals. Indeed, as an example, a knowledgeable reader following the explicit time line set out in LXX Judith would be in no doubt that the meeting between Judith and Holofernes occurred sometime in Av. The reader would also understand that the primary theme of the narrative is the ultimate protection of the Holy Temple. This is not a tale about rededication but rather halting an enemy, focused on destroying the Temple. Nowhere in the text is there even a hint that the Second Temple has been desecrated or made unclean. It is portrayed as intact and functioning correctly in Jewish society. The subtle references to the month of Av are clearly appropriate because they remind the reader of the worst-case scenario should the enemies of the Jews not be stopped. The fact that (in the tale) the Second Temple is saved during the month of Av helps to negate the destruction of the First Temple at the same time of year. If interpreted correctly it would appear that the Judith tale as espoused in LXX Judith was originally intended to be associated with Tish‘a B’Av and not Hanukkah.
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 211-234
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 211-234
    Keywords: Temple of Jerusalem (Jerusalem, Israel) In post-biblical literature ; Maccabees, 2nd Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews Identity ; In post-biblical literature ; Jews History To 600 ; Hanukkah in post-biblical literature ; Sukkot in post-biblical literature
    Abstract: Second Maccabees is a literary collection that profiles Torah observance as the force which shapes Jewish history. The two introductory letters and the epitomist’s dramatic account of survival in the face of imperial tyranny beckon Jews from the diaspora to acknowledge the centrality of Jerusalem, its temple and the land of Israel to Jewish identity. Together these documents encourage Jews throughout Egypt to bond with their compatriots in Israel by joyously celebrating the eight-day festival of the temple cleansing in the month of Chislev and thereby renew their commitment to the ancestral traditions that define Judaism.
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 67-91
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 67-91
    Keywords: Wisdom of Solomon Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Creation in post-biblical literature ; Time Biblical teaching ; Time in post-biblical literature ; Greek literature, Hellenistic Jewish authors ; History and criticism
    Abstract: If Paul Kosmin is right, the new temporal regime established by the Seleucids right after coming to power at the beginning of the 3rd century BCE stimulated a wide range of localized, vernacular efforts to re-imagine time. Speculations about time can be found in philosophical treaties as well as in the lived religion of Hellenistic-Roman times. The so-called deuterocanonical literature proves to be part of this development. A clear example of this ongoing debate surely is the Wisdom of Solomon. Its author uses different strategies to adopt, update, and reformulate the idea of God being the creator and master of time, an idea that is already extant in older Jewish authoritative writings. We find a nexus of time-related arguments throughout the book, which uses protological statements stemming from the creation account in Genesis 1 and 2 as well as eschatological ideas about life after death for the righteous. The argumentation culminates in “Solomon’s” speech in chapter 7. With great philological skills and from an especially exegetical point of view, the idea of God as master of time is expanded: by using a probably well-known quotation from a Greek-Hellenistic poem, the author states that God as creator and perfector of time surely also is the ruler of the time “in between,” which is also called “the middle of times.” The argument is summed up by the pedagogical advice to seek wisdom in the transitional times the addressees are living in to make the right decisions for life.
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 387-401
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 387-401
    Keywords: Ecclesiasticus Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Time in post-biblical literature ; Hebrew language, Post-Biblical Terms and phrases
    Abstract: Rendering אחרית not as “end,” but as “that which comes after,” has the advantage that all shades of meaning are kept open, with the effect that every reader of the Hebrew text of Ben Sira is able to make up her/his mind about which meaning should fit: “the near future,” “the distant future,” “the end of one’s life,” “posterity/descendants,” “finally,” or even “consequence.”
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 295-309
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 295-309
    Keywords: Tobit (Apocryphal book) Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Time in post-biblical literature
    Abstract: The concept of the “shape of time” refers to the various ways of explaining the relationship between the past and the present. The perception of the “shape of time” is relative to one’s historical situation and experiences. This paper aims to explore how the Book of Tobit views the “shape of time.” The essay posits that the Book of Tobit regards the Second Temple present not as a temporal rupture but as a period of continuing punishment. Historical time is thus reconfigured; the post-exilic present of the Jews in the Diaspora is perceived as an ongoing exile and not as a new beginning. Foreign rule, the loss of political independence, and despair in the narrative all point to God’s absence and the enduring facet of exile. The building of the Second Temple did not end this particular period. In other words, the time that precedes the definitive return of God continued into the Second Temple present. The time of exile persists until the chronos tōn kairōn or the “times of fulfillment” (Tob 14:5). The times of fulfillment, however, are dramatized as bubbling forth and being made present in Tobit’s experience of God’s presence.
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 111-129
    Language: German
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 111-129
    Keywords: New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Time perception ; Time in the New Testament ; Time in post-biblical literature ; Post-biblical literature History and criticism ; Christian literature, Early History and criticism
    Abstract: The article presents concepts of time and time measurement in diverse Greco-Roman, Jewish and early Christian texts dating to the early Roman Imperial period. It then considers the specific role and conceptual function of historiographical texts in ancient discourses about how to perceive, measure and structure time and how to cope with temporality. In that discourse frame, the early gospel writings appear as early Christian modes of memorializing the past for the sake of mastering (present) time: the gospels thus participate in the ancient historiographical project of operating “against Time the all-destroying” (Momigliano).
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 193-210
    Language: German
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 193-210
    Keywords: Wisdom of Solomon Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Maccabees, 1st Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; God in post-biblical literature ; Night in post-biblical literature ; Light and darkness in post-biblical literature
    Abstract: This article deals with two deuterocanonical texts (the Wisdom of Solomon and 1 Maccabees), in which the actions that God carries out at night are remarkable. The first divine act that will be examined is part of the reflection on the Passover night in the book of Wisdom. In Wisdom 17-19 the night is used in both real and metaphorical senses. The truth is that the night itself is powerless (17:13), for the whole world is shining with brilliant light (17:20). But the lawless are shackled by darkness and fettered by the long night (17:2). God’s rage is merciless, and the end of the godless, in concrete terms for the Egyptians, has been brought on by themselves (19:1). In contrast, God’s all-powerful logos leaps into the land of destruction to rescue his people (18:15). That happens at midnight (18:14), exactly at the point when night is turning into day. In accordance with tradition, God’s help may be expected at sunrise. In 1 Macc 13:22 Trypho’s cavalry is ready to conquer Jerusalem. But there is a heavy snowfall during the night so that his army cannot advance and is forced to leave. This natural wonder is presented as another indication of God’s nocturnal intervention.
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