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  • Supraregional  (85)
  • משה בן נחמן, הלכה  (46)
  • Jews Identity  (39)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 42,3 (2022) 244-272
    Keywords: Great Britain. ; World War, 1939-1945 Participation, Jewish ; Jewish soldiers ; Jews Identity ; Jews History 1945- ; Jews History
    Abstract: Throughout the centuries, Italian Jews have been both accepted by and outside of Italian society, and several forces and events have shaped their concept of Jewish identity and their approach toward Zionism, both of which have changed over time. Among these events, the Emancipation, the Racial Legislation Laws of 1938, and the Holocaust all played a crucial role in transforming the way Jews perceived and identified themselves with Judaism. This article aims to show the impact of these forces on Italian Jews after World War II in their perception of their own Jewish identity, as well as Italian identity and Zionism, and particularly the role played by the Jewish Palestinian soldiers in the reconstruction of the Italian Jewish communities and the rebirth of Jewish identity.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  Contemporary Jewry 43,3-4 (2023) 519–550
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 519–550
    Keywords: Pew Research Center ; Jews Identity ; Jews Population ; Jews Cultural assimilation
    Abstract: The “Jewish Enterprise” (Mordecai Kaplan’s term) consists of all attitudes and actions, not just religious, which are held or performed by people who call themselves Jewish. This paper focuses on Pew 2020 variables that measure non-religious attitudes and behaviors of self-identified Jewish Americans. The Pew 2020 survey includes more non-religious indicators than did Pew 2013. We investigate how well these newer questions measure the “Jewish Enterprise,” and also identify important topics that are not measured by either Pew study. We characterize the distribution of non-religious attitudes and behaviors from the perspective of three different classifications of the Jewish American population (Jewish type, denomination, and Jewish engagement). The results of our analysis show important characteristics of the Jewish American population that are not made visible in the Pew 2020 report. This paper concludes with recommendations for changes in future national and regional studies that will enable the capture and display of additional important non-religious information over the entire self-identifying Jewish American population.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,2 (2023) 127-147
    Keywords: Schapiro, Meyer, ; Jewish Museum (New York, N.Y.) ; Art critics ; Jews Identity ; Art criticism History 20th century
    Abstract: Meyer Schapiro was among a handful of New York’s most prominent Jewish thinkers writing about modern art during the post-Second World War period, just as the international center of new art had shifted there from Paris. Unlike his contemporaries Clement Greenberg and Harold Rosenberg, however, Schapiro is thought to have “seldom” or only “subliminally” addressed questions of Jewish identity, suggesting that he avoided or suppressed the matter. Yet his nearly four-decade-long relationship with the Jewish Museum of New York tells a different story. Schapiro’s unpublished correspondence, memoranda, and addresses reveal his role in transforming the Jewish Museum into a venue for avant-garde art and his urging Jewish acceptance of modern art, including works that were not visibly Jewish or that were created by non-Jews. These efforts reflect the ways his kinship with the Jewish community prompted his articulation of universal values of humanitarianism and social justice that he associated with Judaism, values that coincided with his social activism. The archival materials also show how Schapiro engaged with questions of Jewish identity as he drew on his scholarly knowledge and his affinity with the Jewish community to further the appreciation of modern art for the benefit of Jewish and non-Jewish artists and audiences.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    In:  Contemporary Jewry 43,3-4 (2023) 711-732
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 711-732
    Keywords: Jews Identity ; Sephardim ; Jews Attitudes
    Abstract: This article deals with the position occupied by Québec’s Sephardic community within the transnational francophone Jewish field. On the one hand, it examines the roles and contributions played by nonlocal actors (rabbis, academics, journalists, etc.) within Québec’s French-speaking Sephardic public sphere. On the other, it offers insights into what specific ideas and conceptions of Jewishness might be “exported” out of Québec to the rest of the francophone Jewish world. Drawing from sociological literature on ethnic boundary-making and field theory, it aims to offer new insights into the specificities of francophone, Canadian, and Québécois Jewry. A geometrical data analysis of the articles published between 2018 and 2021 in the community’s flagship magazine, La Voix Sépharade, reveals that French- and Israeli-trained authors tend to be producers of abstract, international, and intellectual content. However, this is not synonymous with an “intellectual vacuum,” as Québec-trained authors also heavily contribute to these issues, although less so proportionately, and are more concentrated on practical and local issues. Following a more qualitative look at the magazine’s content and interviews with local actors, this article also makes the hypothesis that Québec’s “speciality” in the transnational francophone Jewish field is a heightened sense of equivalence between Sephardicness and Francophoneness on the one hand, and an idea of Sephardism as being a self-sufficient category of Jewishness on the other. Yet, given the small size of this Jewish population, this idea has to be seen more as an ideal rather than an institutionalized reality.
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    In:  Contemporary Jewry 43,3-4 (2023) 683-709
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 683-709
    Keywords: Jewish leadership History 21st century ; Jews Identity ; Jews Social conditions 21st century ; Chaplains
    Abstract: This article represents the first field-wide treatment of American Jewish chaplains. As fewer Jews, like members of all religious backgrounds in the USA, are religiously affiliated and regularly join or participate in local congregations, Jews and other Americans will likely find ways to address their spiritual–religious needs outside of congregational life, in settings such as hospitals, military, universities, elder care, and other settings where “life happens.” Chaplains are religious professionals who work in these settings. While many people have done the work of chaplains—caring for others, attending to the dying, helping people engage with their spiritual–existential struggles—the evolution of those who consider themselves Jewish chaplains and their wrestling with the term chaplain, itself Christian, is at the center of the analyses offered here. We begin with a brief historical overview and then describe their work today. Our analysis is based on a series of historical and sociological inquiries carried out in 2021–2022. In the face of largely Protestant norms and expectations that shaped chaplaincy, American Jews—who made up the first non-Christian clergy to become chaplains in state and private settings—have engaged with and shifted the concept of chaplaincy and the training required to be eligible for these positions. The case of Jewish chaplains illuminates ways of navigating the seams of Jewishness in American life.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 661–682
    Keywords: Jews History 21st century ; Jews Identity ; Polarization (Social sciences) ; South Africa Ethnic relations
    Abstract: Across the Jewish world religious polarization is gaining momentum. At the secular end of the spectrum people are switching away from religion while at the religious pole fertility levels are high. This trend is evident among South African Jewry; data from the 2019 Jewish Community Survey of South Africa (N = 4193) show that the community is becoming polarized, and the traditional center ground is collapsing. However, unlike many other Jewish communities today, switching toward more religious subgroups than the one in which one was raised is more common in South Africa than switching away from them. This tendency is most pronounced among people born in the 1960s and 1970s. A similar trend characterizes South African non-Jews. We argue that coming of age in a period of profound political and social instability explains the increased likelihood of switching toward religion. The effect is more marked among Jews due to distinct communal characteristics and history that provided the optimal conditions for switching towards a more religious lifestyle. This paper highlights the necessity of examining internal processes that are unique to the Jewish community alongside broader developments to improve our understanding of religious polarization among Jews.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Central European History
    Angaben zur Quelle: 56,3 (2023) 357-379
    Keywords: Blau-Weiss (Youth movement) ; Youth movements, Jewish History 20th century ; Zionism History 20th century ; Jewish youth Clothing ; Jews Identity
    Abstract: Looking at Blau-Weiss as the first Zionist youth movement in Germany between 1912 and 1927, the article examines the role of dress in expressing new feelings of national belonging as “Jewish” in modern Germany. Drawing on publications of the movement, memoirs, and photographs, the article shows how Blau-Weiss members tried to become visible as Jews while at the same time trying to copy the dress codes of the nationalist German youth movement Wandervogel. It further shows how, after the First World War, Blau-Weiss tried to forge their own way of Zionist dressing. The article argues that it was not the actual clothes worn or the perception of others that was most crucial to the creation of a national Jewish identity, but rather the inner function that reflections and debates on dress had for Blau-Weiss members in forging and redefining their feelings of belonging and identification as Zionist Jews in Germany.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Nations and Nationalism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 29,4 (2023) 1212-1227
    Keywords: Goldschmidt, Meir, ; Jews Identity ; Jews Political activity ; Jewish publishers ; Jewish authors ; Nationalism ; Liberalism
    Abstract: The Danish-Jewish publisher Meïr Aron Goldschmidt was an active political voice in Denmark in the 1840s and 1850s during the crisis of the Danish Oldenburg monarchy, when the ‘Danish Empire’ was troubled by territorial defragmentation, succession crisis, foreign military threats, Danish–German ethnic tensions and calls for democratic reforms by National Liberals.This article reflects on Goldschmidt's life and works as he attempted to syncretise the inherent dualities of nationalism and liberalism. His vision became a Swiss-inspired federalism that should create a shared national identity based on liberal democracy to reunite the ethnic groups of the ‘Danish Empire’.Ultimately, history took another course, and the nationalist path was taken with disastrous results for Denmark. However, Goldschmidt has left a legacy in his writings as a microcosm of the ideas of his time by trying to syncretise nationalism and liberalism, cosmopolitanism and nationalism and a Danish and Jewish national identity.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of the American Academy of Religion
    Angaben zur Quelle: 91,1 (2023) 69–89
    Keywords: Ricardo, David, ; Jewish economists ; Judaism and secularism ; Jews Identity
    Abstract: Although the story that the great political economist David Ricardo (1772–1823) learned at the same school as Spinoza is most likely a romantic fiction, it suggests an intriguing parallel that reaches far beyond mere biographical coincidence. Like Spinoza, Ricardo was seen by both admirers and detractors as contributing in a “Jewish” way to forging a new, secular sphere of modern life. Because he left the Jewish community and did not frame his intellectual work as deriving from Judaism, such arguments necessarily appealed to racialization, making Ricardo Jewish in spite of himself. Considering Ricardo as a Spinoza figure offers us a deeper perspective on the role of racialized Jewishness in narratives of modern social science and thereby also in the theory of secularization.
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Studia Judaica (Kraków)
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19,1 (2016) 41-64
    Keywords: Jews History 19th century ; Jews History 20th century ; Jews History 20th century ; Jews Identity ; Jews Historiography ; Bohemia (Czech Republic) ; Moravia (Czech Republic)
    Abstract: Examines historical works published since the 1980s, in various languages, which examine the history of the Jews in Bohemia, Moravia, and Czechoslovakia during the 19th-20th centuries.
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