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  • Supraregional  (48)
  • Jews Identity  (32)
  • Jews History 1945-
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 42,3 (2022) 244-272
    Keywords: Great Britain. ; World War, 1939-1945 Participation, Jewish ; Jewish soldiers ; Jews Identity ; Jews History 1945- ; Jews History
    Abstract: Throughout the centuries, Italian Jews have been both accepted by and outside of Italian society, and several forces and events have shaped their concept of Jewish identity and their approach toward Zionism, both of which have changed over time. Among these events, the Emancipation, the Racial Legislation Laws of 1938, and the Holocaust all played a crucial role in transforming the way Jews perceived and identified themselves with Judaism. This article aims to show the impact of these forces on Italian Jews after World War II in their perception of their own Jewish identity, as well as Italian identity and Zionism, and particularly the role played by the Jewish Palestinian soldiers in the reconstruction of the Italian Jewish communities and the rebirth of Jewish identity.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  Contemporary Jewry 43,3-4 (2023) 779-788
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 779-788
    Keywords: Jews, Polish Cultural assimilation ; Jews History 1945- ; Jews Identity 21st century ; History ; Jews Identity 20th century ; History
    Abstract: This article examines the broader context for Polish Jews' de-assimilation since the fall of communism, analyzes the complex process of individual discovery and communal recovery of Jewish identity, and discusses the multiple challenges de-assimilated Jews face in constructing a new Jewish identity. The study is based on fieldwork conducted between 2010 and 2019, and includes participant observation in Jewish organizations in Poland and during a Birthright trip to Israel with a group of young Polish Jews; interviews with Jewish communal leaders and Poles recovering a Jewish identity; and archival research documenting the institutional rebirth of Jewish life in Poland.
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    In:  Contemporary Jewry 43,3-4 (2023) 519–550
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 519–550
    Keywords: Pew Research Center ; Jews Identity ; Jews Population ; Jews Cultural assimilation
    Abstract: The “Jewish Enterprise” (Mordecai Kaplan’s term) consists of all attitudes and actions, not just religious, which are held or performed by people who call themselves Jewish. This paper focuses on Pew 2020 variables that measure non-religious attitudes and behaviors of self-identified Jewish Americans. The Pew 2020 survey includes more non-religious indicators than did Pew 2013. We investigate how well these newer questions measure the “Jewish Enterprise,” and also identify important topics that are not measured by either Pew study. We characterize the distribution of non-religious attitudes and behaviors from the perspective of three different classifications of the Jewish American population (Jewish type, denomination, and Jewish engagement). The results of our analysis show important characteristics of the Jewish American population that are not made visible in the Pew 2020 report. This paper concludes with recommendations for changes in future national and regional studies that will enable the capture and display of additional important non-religious information over the entire self-identifying Jewish American population.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,2 (2023) 127-147
    Keywords: Schapiro, Meyer, ; Jewish Museum (New York, N.Y.) ; Art critics ; Jews Identity ; Art criticism History 20th century
    Abstract: Meyer Schapiro was among a handful of New York’s most prominent Jewish thinkers writing about modern art during the post-Second World War period, just as the international center of new art had shifted there from Paris. Unlike his contemporaries Clement Greenberg and Harold Rosenberg, however, Schapiro is thought to have “seldom” or only “subliminally” addressed questions of Jewish identity, suggesting that he avoided or suppressed the matter. Yet his nearly four-decade-long relationship with the Jewish Museum of New York tells a different story. Schapiro’s unpublished correspondence, memoranda, and addresses reveal his role in transforming the Jewish Museum into a venue for avant-garde art and his urging Jewish acceptance of modern art, including works that were not visibly Jewish or that were created by non-Jews. These efforts reflect the ways his kinship with the Jewish community prompted his articulation of universal values of humanitarianism and social justice that he associated with Judaism, values that coincided with his social activism. The archival materials also show how Schapiro engaged with questions of Jewish identity as he drew on his scholarly knowledge and his affinity with the Jewish community to further the appreciation of modern art for the benefit of Jewish and non-Jewish artists and audiences.
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    In:  Contemporary Jewry 43,3-4 (2023) 711-732
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 711-732
    Keywords: Jews Identity ; Sephardim ; Jews Attitudes
    Abstract: This article deals with the position occupied by Québec’s Sephardic community within the transnational francophone Jewish field. On the one hand, it examines the roles and contributions played by nonlocal actors (rabbis, academics, journalists, etc.) within Québec’s French-speaking Sephardic public sphere. On the other, it offers insights into what specific ideas and conceptions of Jewishness might be “exported” out of Québec to the rest of the francophone Jewish world. Drawing from sociological literature on ethnic boundary-making and field theory, it aims to offer new insights into the specificities of francophone, Canadian, and Québécois Jewry. A geometrical data analysis of the articles published between 2018 and 2021 in the community’s flagship magazine, La Voix Sépharade, reveals that French- and Israeli-trained authors tend to be producers of abstract, international, and intellectual content. However, this is not synonymous with an “intellectual vacuum,” as Québec-trained authors also heavily contribute to these issues, although less so proportionately, and are more concentrated on practical and local issues. Following a more qualitative look at the magazine’s content and interviews with local actors, this article also makes the hypothesis that Québec’s “speciality” in the transnational francophone Jewish field is a heightened sense of equivalence between Sephardicness and Francophoneness on the one hand, and an idea of Sephardism as being a self-sufficient category of Jewishness on the other. Yet, given the small size of this Jewish population, this idea has to be seen more as an ideal rather than an institutionalized reality.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 733-758
    Keywords: Jews, Polish Cultural assimilation ; Jews History 1945- ; Jews Identity 21st century ; History ; Jews Identity 20th century ; History
    Abstract: After the 1968 emigration, very few Jews remained in Poland, and even more miniscule was the number of “Jewish Jews.” Since then the number has grown somewhat, and much of it is due to the process of de-assimilation; i.e., some people with Jewish ancestors raised in completely Polonized families began to recover, reclaim, and readapt their Jewish background. An analysis of this phenomenon is offered with a series of putative reasons for its occurrence. The individuals constituting the “products” of de-assimilation are the majority of Polish Jews today and form much of the current leadership. While individuals everywhere can strengthen their ties to the Jewish people and can experience teshuvah or another kind of “Judaization,” the process of de-assimilation does not seem to be reducible to those moves. It begins with no Jewish identity, and is highly dependent on the attitudes and cultural trends in the majority society. It does not remove the de-assimilationists from the majority culture. The phenomenon is general and deserves to be studied as a sociological mechanism working in other cases of assimilation to a majority culture. In the Jewish case, it is especially dramatic. Probably the first example can be found in the evolution of the Marrano communities settled in Holland. The presence of de-assimilation seems to differentiate some European, first of all East European, communities from the globally dominant American and Israeli ones. Probably this rather new concept is needed to describe a significant part of the world of the Jews of twenty-first century Europe.
    Description / Table of Contents: Landau-Czajka, Anna . A response to Stanislaw Krajewski’s de-assimilation proposal. Ibid. 759-766.
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    In:  Contemporary Jewry 43,3-4 (2023) 683-709
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 683-709
    Keywords: Jewish leadership History 21st century ; Jews Identity ; Jews Social conditions 21st century ; Chaplains
    Abstract: This article represents the first field-wide treatment of American Jewish chaplains. As fewer Jews, like members of all religious backgrounds in the USA, are religiously affiliated and regularly join or participate in local congregations, Jews and other Americans will likely find ways to address their spiritual–religious needs outside of congregational life, in settings such as hospitals, military, universities, elder care, and other settings where “life happens.” Chaplains are religious professionals who work in these settings. While many people have done the work of chaplains—caring for others, attending to the dying, helping people engage with their spiritual–existential struggles—the evolution of those who consider themselves Jewish chaplains and their wrestling with the term chaplain, itself Christian, is at the center of the analyses offered here. We begin with a brief historical overview and then describe their work today. Our analysis is based on a series of historical and sociological inquiries carried out in 2021–2022. In the face of largely Protestant norms and expectations that shaped chaplaincy, American Jews—who made up the first non-Christian clergy to become chaplains in state and private settings—have engaged with and shifted the concept of chaplaincy and the training required to be eligible for these positions. The case of Jewish chaplains illuminates ways of navigating the seams of Jewishness in American life.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 767-774
    Keywords: Jews, Polish Cultural assimilation ; Jews History 1945- ; Jews Identity 21st century ; History ; Jews Identity 20th century ; History
    Abstract: This article critically examines Krajewski’s (in this issue of Contemp Jewry) argument about the assimilation and subsequent de-assimilation of the Jewish population in Poland. While Krajewski asserts that Polish Jews underwent a process of assimilation followed by a revival of their cultural and religious practices, the authors argue that the term “de-assimilation” is not applicable in this context. They propose that post-war Polish Jews consciously chose to embrace a secular identity rather than a religious one, keeping their Jewish life private. This secular identity, characterized by interests in secular Jewish culture, learning, and social justice, as well as maintaining specific distinctive habits, remained dominant even after 1989. The authors also compare this process to the experiences of Spanish and Portuguese conversos, who returned to Judaism but retained syncretic identities. They emphasize the importance of understanding the complex nature of Jewish identity and involvement, highlighting the significance of secular and cultural practices among Polish Jews.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 661–682
    Keywords: Jews History 21st century ; Jews Identity ; Polarization (Social sciences) ; South Africa Ethnic relations
    Abstract: Across the Jewish world religious polarization is gaining momentum. At the secular end of the spectrum people are switching away from religion while at the religious pole fertility levels are high. This trend is evident among South African Jewry; data from the 2019 Jewish Community Survey of South Africa (N = 4193) show that the community is becoming polarized, and the traditional center ground is collapsing. However, unlike many other Jewish communities today, switching toward more religious subgroups than the one in which one was raised is more common in South Africa than switching away from them. This tendency is most pronounced among people born in the 1960s and 1970s. A similar trend characterizes South African non-Jews. We argue that coming of age in a period of profound political and social instability explains the increased likelihood of switching toward religion. The effect is more marked among Jews due to distinct communal characteristics and history that provided the optimal conditions for switching towards a more religious lifestyle. This paper highlights the necessity of examining internal processes that are unique to the Jewish community alongside broader developments to improve our understanding of religious polarization among Jews.
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    In:  Contemporary Jewry 43,3-4 (2023) 775-777
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 775-777
    Keywords: Jews, Polish Cultural assimilation ; Jews History 1945- ; Jews Identity 21st century ; History ; Jews Identity 20th century ; History
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