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  • 1
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 67-81
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism
    Abstract: Since at least Socrates, reflection on human mortality has been central in philosophy. It has been taken as virtually axiomatic that death is the worst that can befall us and that if we are not to die ignominiously we must prepare ourselves for death. Hence it is that philosophy has long seen itself as telling us that we should seek to develop the kind of attitude toward death that allows us to do that. Indeed, philosophy has often seen itself as a form of this preparation: the act of philosophizing, so the thought goes, is itself a kind of dying, since it involves a withdrawal of the thinking self from world and body, and thus mirrors or models death in some way. At another level, philosophy might help with preparing us for death by offering concrete suggestions for thinking about it less fearfully. Socrates, Plato, Seneca, Lucretius, Montaigne, Spinoza, Heidegger, and countless others repeat this sense of the relation between philosophy and death, inflected in numerous different forms and styles.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 21-35
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism
    Abstract: Primo Levi’s exact motives for writing his essay “The Grey Zone” (“La zona grigia,” 1986) are unknown. Although Levi gives us some indications as to his motivation when he writes “from many signs, it would seem that the time has come to explore the space which separates (and not only in the Nazi Lagers) the victims from the perpetrators, and to do so with a lighter hand, and with a less turbid spirit than has been done, for instance, in a number of films,”1 it is ultimately left up to Levi’s readers to examine his writings and to make a sensitive judgment as to the genesis of his concept of the “gray zone.” Following this method it becomes clear that Levi was uncomfortable with the reductiveness of the terms “good” and “evil.” It is true that Levi never rejected the absolute positions of good and evil and in fact makes use of them in recalling “the evil and insane SS men”2 or when describing the Italian laborer Lorenzo as a man with a “natural and plain manner of being good :”3 So to say that for Levi the notions of good and evil were reductive is not to say that they were redundant. What seems to have been dissatisfying for Levi was that the moral concepts of good and evil constituted the total linguistics and theoretical framework available for understanding the moral lives of the victims of Nazi rule.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 37-49
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism
    Abstract: “We can and must communicate,” Primo Levi states uncompromisingly at the beginning of the chapter “Communicating” in I sommersi e i salvati (The Drowned and the Saved). He sharply dismisses the notion of incomunicabilità—the inability of alienated individuals in capitalist societies to convey thoughts or feelings to others—made famous by the debates arising from the films of Michelangelo Antonioni, and makes his point by referring to a scene from one of Antonioni’s films, The Red Desert (1964). Toward the end of the film, the main character wanders around a harbor at night and meets a Turkish sailor. In broken Italian sentences, she attempts to tell him about her feelings of disorientation and aimlessness; the sailor repeats, in Turkish, that he cannot understand her, but offers coffee and help. While Antonioni’s scene focuses on the two characters’ failure to communicate, Levi’s reading emphasizes their attempts to do so: they do not have a common language, but they do try to speak to each other. “On both sides … there is the will to communicate,” stresses Levi:We can and must communicate. It is a useful and easy way of contributing to people’s peace of mind, including our own, because silence—the absence of signals—is in itself a signal, but it is ambiguous, and ambiguity produces unease and suspicion.1Human beings, he adds, are “biologically and socially predisposed to communication” because they can speak, and therefore refusing to communicate is ethically wrong (“è colpa”).
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 1-4
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, Appreciation ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism
    Abstract: This volume offers a host of interdisciplinary responses to the multilayered work of the Turinese Holocaust survivor Primo Levi (1919–87). Levi is now viewed not only as one of the most important survivor-writers of the Holocaust but also as a key literary figure of the twentieth century, an ethical thinker of great complexity, a scientist, an educator, and a political philosopher. The chrysanthemum on the cover of this volume, Jane Joseph’s closing illustration to Levi’s second book The Truce (La tregua, 1963), is intended to suggest some of the complexity of Levi’s extensive body of work. As the artist explains in the conversation that closes this collection, the image serves as an “accompaniment” to Levi’s nightmare of waking up from a seemingly peaceful postwar existence to a realization that he has not really escaped Auschwitz after all but is back inside the camp. Joseph’s drypoint of the complex, multilayered flower evokes Levi’s sinister dream within a dream, a shared nightmare among Holocaust survivors and a recurring theme within Levi’s significant and diverse body of work. “It happened, therefore it can happen again,” Levi reminds us near the end of his final book, The Drowned and the Saved (I sommersi e i salvati, 1986); the witnesses “must be listened to.”1
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