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  • Article  (4,446)
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  • 2020-2024  (4,446)
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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    A forty-year-old campaign : Anne Frank's diary and the Holocaust deniers, 1958-1998. (2023)
    In:  Modern Judaism 43,3 (2023) 243-273
    Details
    ISSN: 0276-1114
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3 (2023) 243-273
    Keywords: Frank, Anne, ; Frank, Anne, Adaptations ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Sources ; Holocaust denial
    Abstract: On December 9, 1998, the Dutch court in Amsterdam ruled Anne Frank’s diary to be authentic, and that anyone who cast doubt on its authenticity was breaking the law and would be fined. This article examines the ongoing battle between those who view themselves as charged with the legacy of the diary and the Holocaust deniers; it also examines the methods used by the latter and their possible influence on society. The first half deals with the events leading to the writing of the diary, its publication, theatrical and cinematic adaptations, and examines how the Holocaust deniers came to use those events in their claims. The second half deals with the claims themselves and their development over the years, and the deniers’ attempts to reach the widest possible audience in an attempt to sully the image of one of the central symbols of the Holocaust period, Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl.
    DOI: 10.1093/mj/kjad013
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    Hasbara revisited : Israel, the new left, and Diaspora Jewry, 1967-1973. (2023)
    In:  Modern Judaism 43,2 (2023) 164-186
    Details
    ISSN: 0276-1114
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,2 (2023) 164-186
    Keywords: Israel and the diaspora ; Right and left (Political science) ; Israel Foreign public opinion ; Israel Foreign relations 20th century
    Abstract: In the years between 1967 and 1973, the younger generation of Diaspora Jewry in the West was torn between its sympathy for the State of Israel and its identification with New Left politics and ideology. In response, Israel conducted a wide-ranging campaign of Hasbara—the Hebrew word for explaining the justice of the Israeli and Zionist cause—to this cohort in order to gain its support. Until now, scholarship on Israeli hasbara has not given any attention to how Israel grappled with the New Left in general and with its Jewish supporters in particular; similarly, studies of the encounter between Jews and the New Left lack any discussion of the role played by Israeli hasbara. This article connects the two, revealing the unknown history of the relationship between Israel, Diaspora Jewry, and the New Left. But it is of more than mere historical interest, as in the last decade Israel has been deeply concerned about leftists and liberals in the West (who today largely term themselves “progressives”), many of them are young Jews who have allied with pro-Palestinian forces, first and foremost the BDS movement. This article offers a possible model that could be used to mobilize these progressive Jews in support of Israel.
    DOI: 10.1093/mj/kjad006
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    Satmar and Neturei Karta : Jews against Zionism. (2023)
    In:  Modern Judaism 43,1 (2023) 52-76
    Details
    ISSN: 0276-1114
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,1 (2023) 52-76
    Keywords: Naṭore ḳarta ; Satmar Hasidim ; Ultra-Orthodox Jews Attitudes ; Anti-Zionism History 21st century ; Zionism and Judaism
    Abstract: Throughout history, many Jewish laymen and rabbis have objected to the collective return of the Jews to the Land of Israel, particularly if it was motivated by nationalistic rather than religious reasons. They did so for many reasons, the most persistent of which relied on a religious rationale. Anti-Zionist stands were voiced by both ends of the religious spectrum: the radical Reform on the one hand, and the ultra-Orthodox on the other. Following the establishment of the State of Israel, expressing anti-Zionist and anti-Israeli stands has become a routine practice among some Reform groups, as well as among several ultra-Orthodox communities among which Satmar is the most influential one. However, Neturei Karta’s position advocating Israel’s annihilation and their open support for Israel’s worst enemies has almost no parallel on the Reform side. During the twenty-first century, Neturei Karta’s anti-Zionist activities have become even more vehement. On top of the ordinary anti-Israel demonstrations side by side with supporters of Hamas, the PLO, or BDS, they have also participated in international conferences which promote Holocaust denial; visited Iran and met with its leaders who threaten to annihilate Israel; and rejected Israel’s raison d’être, claiming that Zionist leaders intentionally caused the Holocaust.
    DOI: 10.1093/mj/kjac023
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    Japanese and Jews in Shanghai. (2022)
    In:  Modern Judaism 42,3 (2022) 211–243
    Details
    ISSN: 0276-1114
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 42,3 (2022) 211–243
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue ; Japanese Relations with Jews ; Jewish refugees ; Shanghai (China) History Japanese Invasion, 1932
    Abstract: The actions of the Japanese government and military before and during the Holocaust saved tens of thousands of Jews in Shanghai from murder by Japan’s Nazi allies. Because the Japanese were brutal aggressors in East Asia, because their treatment of the Chinese population was genocidal, because the details and organization of Japanese sexual abuse of Korean women are still matters of international dispute, approaches to the Japanese treatment of European Jewish refugees begin from a negative standpoint. Japanese authorities have not investigated or revealed these actions, and Japanese academics have only just begun to consider this issue worthy of study. Discussion of Japanese policy in Shanghai is often dominated by evidence of antisemitism in Japan, the creation of the Designated Area in 1943 to confine Jewish refugees, and the brutally officious behavior of Kanoh Ghoya. The issuance of life-saving visas by Chiune Sugihara, Japanese Vice-Consul in Kovno, is treated as exceptional humanitarianism. This study focuses on the decisions and behavior of Japanese authorities toward European Jewish refugees in Japan and in Shanghai which allowed them to survive.
    DOI: 10.1093/mj/kjac013
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Italian Jewish identity and zionism : from the emancipation to postwar Italy (1848-1948). (2022)
    In:  Modern Judaism 42,3 (2022) 244-272
    Details
    ISSN: 0276-1114
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 42,3 (2022) 244-272
    Keywords: Great Britain. ; World War, 1939-1945 Participation, Jewish ; Jewish soldiers ; Jews Identity ; Jews History 1945- ; Jews History
    Abstract: Throughout the centuries, Italian Jews have been both accepted by and outside of Italian society, and several forces and events have shaped their concept of Jewish identity and their approach toward Zionism, both of which have changed over time. Among these events, the Emancipation, the Racial Legislation Laws of 1938, and the Holocaust all played a crucial role in transforming the way Jews perceived and identified themselves with Judaism. This article aims to show the impact of these forces on Italian Jews after World War II in their perception of their own Jewish identity, as well as Italian identity and Zionism, and particularly the role played by the Jewish Palestinian soldiers in the reconstruction of the Italian Jewish communities and the rebirth of Jewish identity.
    DOI: 10.1093/mj/kjac014
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    The social context of de-assimilation and its challenges. (2023)
    In:  Contemporary Jewry 43,3-4 (2023) 779-788
    Details
    ISSN: 0147-1694
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 779-788
    Keywords: Jews, Polish Cultural assimilation ; Jews History 1945- ; Jews Identity 21st century ; History ; Jews Identity 20th century ; History
    Abstract: This article examines the broader context for Polish Jews' de-assimilation since the fall of communism, analyzes the complex process of individual discovery and communal recovery of Jewish identity, and discusses the multiple challenges de-assimilated Jews face in constructing a new Jewish identity. The study is based on fieldwork conducted between 2010 and 2019, and includes participant observation in Jewish organizations in Poland and during a Birthright trip to Israel with a group of young Polish Jews; interviews with Jewish communal leaders and Poles recovering a Jewish identity; and archival research documenting the institutional rebirth of Jewish life in Poland.
    DOI: 10.1007/s12397-023-09529-3
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    The non-religious component of the “Jewish enterprise”. (2023)
    In:  Contemporary Jewry 43,3-4 (2023) 519–550
    Details
    ISSN: 0147-1694
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Contemporary Jewry
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,3-4 (2023) 519–550
    Keywords: Pew Research Center ; Jews Identity ; Jews Population ; Jews Cultural assimilation
    Abstract: The “Jewish Enterprise” (Mordecai Kaplan’s term) consists of all attitudes and actions, not just religious, which are held or performed by people who call themselves Jewish. This paper focuses on Pew 2020 variables that measure non-religious attitudes and behaviors of self-identified Jewish Americans. The Pew 2020 survey includes more non-religious indicators than did Pew 2013. We investigate how well these newer questions measure the “Jewish Enterprise,” and also identify important topics that are not measured by either Pew study. We characterize the distribution of non-religious attitudes and behaviors from the perspective of three different classifications of the Jewish American population (Jewish type, denomination, and Jewish engagement). The results of our analysis show important characteristics of the Jewish American population that are not made visible in the Pew 2020 report. This paper concludes with recommendations for changes in future national and regional studies that will enable the capture and display of additional important non-religious information over the entire self-identifying Jewish American population.
    DOI: 10.1007/s12397-023-09527-5
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    Meyer Schapiro, the Jewish museum, and living artists : a scholar’s overlooked activism. (2023)
    In:  Modern Judaism 43,2 (2023) 127-147
    Details
    ISSN: 0276-1114
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,2 (2023) 127-147
    Keywords: Schapiro, Meyer, ; Jewish Museum (New York, N.Y.) ; Art critics ; Jews Identity ; Art criticism History 20th century
    Abstract: Meyer Schapiro was among a handful of New York’s most prominent Jewish thinkers writing about modern art during the post-Second World War period, just as the international center of new art had shifted there from Paris. Unlike his contemporaries Clement Greenberg and Harold Rosenberg, however, Schapiro is thought to have “seldom” or only “subliminally” addressed questions of Jewish identity, suggesting that he avoided or suppressed the matter. Yet his nearly four-decade-long relationship with the Jewish Museum of New York tells a different story. Schapiro’s unpublished correspondence, memoranda, and addresses reveal his role in transforming the Jewish Museum into a venue for avant-garde art and his urging Jewish acceptance of modern art, including works that were not visibly Jewish or that were created by non-Jews. These efforts reflect the ways his kinship with the Jewish community prompted his articulation of universal values of humanitarianism and social justice that he associated with Judaism, values that coincided with his social activism. The archival materials also show how Schapiro engaged with questions of Jewish identity as he drew on his scholarly knowledge and his affinity with the Jewish community to further the appreciation of modern art for the benefit of Jewish and non-Jewish artists and audiences.
    DOI: 10.1093/mj/kjad005
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    Cooperation, integration, and assimilation : Abba Hillel Silver, Emanuel Neumann, the Lowdermilk Plan, and the Arab question in the forties. (2023)
    In:  Modern Judaism 43,2 (2023) 212-233
    Details
    ISSN: 0276-1114
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,2 (2023) 212-233
    Keywords: Lowdermilk, W. C. ; Neumann, Emanuel, ; Silver, Abba Hillel, ; Water resources development ; Zionists Attitudes ; Zionism History 20th century ; Jewish-Arab relations ; Israel and the diaspora ; Jews Attitudes toward Israel 20th century
    DOI: 10.1093/mj/kjad002
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    Chastening Germany : Graetz's Lusty Jew and asexual Jewess as semitic saviors. (2023)
    In:  Modern Judaism 43,1 (2023) 93-123
    Details
    ISSN: 0276-1114
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,1 (2023) 93-123
    Keywords: Graetz, Heinrich, ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Sexual ethics ; Jews Sexual behavior ; Masculinity Religious aspects ; Judaism ; Femininity Religious aspects ; Judaism
    Abstract: Heinrich Graetz (1817–1891), the famous historian and biblical exegete, penned his commentary to the Song of Songs in 1871 to counter rising antisemitism fueled by racialized fantasies of Jewish gender and sexuality. Graetz contested antisemitic tropes of Jewish masculinity and femininity by reconfiguring the Song of Songs, this most blatantly erotic book of scripture, as a testament to and celebration of Jewish chastity. Against the lascivious femme fatal, Graetz introduced the tender Sulamit, whose paradigmatic chastity renders romantic ardor into asexual, sisterly affection. In contrast to the effeminate Jew, Graetz introduced the Friend, a brawny adventurer whose masculine attempt at chastity only reveals his sexual potency. Graetz leverages the co-constitutive relationships among gender, class, and race to bestow on these figures not only the bourgeois virtues connoted by their chastity, but also associations of whiteness and middle-class belonging. Graetz’s exegetical construction of new models of Jewish femininity and masculinity was no mere theoretical exercise, but a response to matters of life and death as the rise of sexually transmitted diseases coalesced into a public health crisis. With the specter of syphilis in the background, Graetz’s commentary to the Song of Songs proffered German Jews—and German Christians—a Semitic path to redemption from the immorality crippling fin-de-siècle Germany.
    DOI: 10.1093/mj/kjac022
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