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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    The missing policing : the absent concept of policing and its substitutes in Israeli military doctrine. (2020)
    In:  Israel Studies Review 35,2 (2020) 9-36
    Details
    ISSN: 2159-0370
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Israel Studies Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 35,2 (2020) 9-36
    Keywords: Israel. Periodicals ; Maʻarakhot (Tel Aviv) ; Military doctrine ; Arab-Israeli conflict Press coverage ; Israel Strategic aspects ; Israel Armed Forces ; Military police
    Abstract: The Israeli army's policing since 1967 has raised public awareness of the suffering of the Palestinian population, thereby implicating it as a key player in the Israeli political debate. This article discusses how policing has been presented in the leading military journals Ma'arakhot and Bein HaKtavim from 1967 to 2018. It argues that this coverage has served to mitigate the controversy by avoiding the explicit term ‘policing’ and replacing it with euphemisms that construct it differently in three distinct periods. In particular, since early in the twenty-first century, these journals have suggested alternative terms, which provide policing with hybrid military connotations that respond to pressure from both nationalist and liberal groups. New terms such as ‘the war between the wars’ promote broad public acceptance of the intractable nature of the conflict and legitimize the need to use violence.
    DOI: 10.3167/isr.2020.350203
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    The convergence of military conduct and policing in Israeli-controlled territories. (2020)
    In:  Israel Studies Review 35,2 (2020) 1-8
    Details
    ISSN: 2159-0370
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Israel Studies Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 35,2 (2020) 1-8
    Keywords: Israel. ; Arab-Israeli conflict ; Israel Armed Forces ; Military police
    Abstract: The murder of George Floyd by a police officer in the United States in May 2020 and the subsequent turmoil, as well as the violence against migrants on the US-Mexican border, have drawn major public and media attention to the phenomenon of police brutality (see, e.g., Levin 2020; Misra 2018; Taub 2020), which is often labeled as ‘militarization of police’. At the same time, in recent years military forces have been increasingly involved in policing missions in civilian environments, both domestically (see, e.g., Kanno-Youngs 2020; Schrader 2020; Shinkman 2020) and abroad. The convergence of military conduct and policing raises intriguing questions regarding the impact of these tendencies on the military and the police, as well as on their legitimacy.
    DOI: 10.3167/isr.2020.350202
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    Israel's ground forces in the occupied territories : policing and the juridification of soldiering. (2020)
    In:  Israel Studies Review 35,2 (2020) 37-57
    Details
    ISSN: 2159-0370
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Israel Studies Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 35,2 (2020) 37-57
    Keywords: Israel. ; Palestinian Arabs ; Arab-Israeli conflict ; Israel Armed Forces ; Military police
    Abstract: The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) routinely rotate ground forces in and out of the Occupied Territories in the West Bank. While these troops are trained for soldiering in high-intensity wars, in the Territories they have long had to carry out a variety of policing activities. These activities often exist in tension with their soldierly training and ethos, both of which center on violent encounters. IDF ground forces have adapted to this situation by maintaining a hierarchy of ‘logics of action’, in which handling potentially hostile encounters takes precedence over other forms of policing. Over time, this hierarchy has been adapted to the changed nature of contemporary conflict, in which soldiering is increasingly exposed to multiple forms of media, monitoring, and juridification. To maintain its public legitimacy and institutional autonomy, the IDF has had to adapt to the changes imposed on it by creating multiple mechanisms of force generation and control of soldierly action.
    DOI: 10.3167/isr.2020.350204
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    Military (non-)policing in the occupied territories. (2020)
    In:  Israel Studies Review 35,2 (2020) 77-100
    Details
    ISSN: 2159-0370
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Israel Studies Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 35,2 (2020) 77-100
    Keywords: Israel. ; Arab-Israeli conflict ; Palestinian Arabs ; Israel Armed Forces ; Military police
    Abstract: Since 1967, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) have been engaged in various military missions in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, including occasional high-intensity fighting and counter-insurgency, as well as civilian duties, such as administration and policing. While existing literature emphasizes the organizational and professional burden this combination of duties places on the military, the actual forces that shape soldiers’ policing practices in the field remain largely unexamined. The present article offers a micro-sociological examination of the patterns of military policing implemented by Israeli soldiers in the West Bank. It explores the social and political forces that shape soldiers’ ‘logics of action’ and demonstrates the reciprocal relations between the IDF's disparate modes of policing of Jewish settlers and Palestinians. Three clusters of factors shape these interrelations: the relationships between soldiers and settlers, the blurring between ‘security’ and ‘civilian’ missions, and situational variables. The research for this article was conducted between 2004 and 2018.
    DOI: 10.3167/isr.2020.350206
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Who controls the Israeli policing army?. (2020)
    In:  Israel Studies Review 35,2 (2020) 58-76
    Details
    ISSN: 2159-0370
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Israel Studies Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 35,2 (2020) 58-76
    Keywords: Israel. ; Arab-Israeli conflict ; Palestinian Arabs ; Land settlement ; Israelis ; Israel Armed Forces ; Military police
    Abstract: Since the 2000s, a fundamental structural change has led to the development of two armies within the IDF. In co-existence with the ‘official’ army, a ‘policing’ force has emerged in the West Bank. Ostensibly subordinated to political authority, it has evolved into a quasi-militia force, enacting policies that often deviate from the official line. The question of who controls this policing army is central to this article. I argue that this policing army, unlike the official army, is controlled by a matrix rather than a hierarchical structure. Characterized by a web of mostly extra-military mechanisms, it is embedded within the civilian communities of the Jewish settlers, and this embeddedness shapes the form of control by creating several control mechanisms. Therefore, this policing army is only partially controlled by the official echelon of command.
    DOI: 10.3167/isr.2020.350205
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