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  • 1
    Language: German
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 43-65
    Keywords: Mann, Thomas, ; Joseph In literature ; Time in literature
    Abstract: Among the many philosophical aspects in Thomas Mann’s 2000-page novel Joseph and His Brothers, based on Gen 25-50, this paper focuses on time and identity. Unlike other interpretations, while not opposing them, it restricts itself to using the word “identity” as it is usual in contemporary logic and analytic ontology. A thorough semantic analysis of the differences between “sun grammar” and “moon grammar” yields the result that Mann had a lot to say about identity across time even in this sense of “identity.” This is argued by taking a close look at several important characters of the novel, Jaakob, Eliezer, and Joseph/Usarsiph.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 149-167
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 149-167
    Keywords: Judith (Apocryphal book). Versions ; Septuagint ; Fasts and feasts Judaism
    Abstract: It is common for the Judith tale to be connected to the festival of Hanukkah. In this context, mostly, an acknowledgment is made that this connection between Judith and Hanukkah is of medieval Jewish provenance. Furthermore, it is quite clear that LXX Judith neither makes reference to Hanukkah nor alludes to that specific festival. However, despite being an obviously ludic text, LXX Judith makes pointed references to specific dates (albeit seemingly out of context) and certain agricultural activities that when viewed from a purely Jewish context strongly imply periods engaged with other Jewish festivals. Indeed, as an example, a knowledgeable reader following the explicit time line set out in LXX Judith would be in no doubt that the meeting between Judith and Holofernes occurred sometime in Av. The reader would also understand that the primary theme of the narrative is the ultimate protection of the Holy Temple. This is not a tale about rededication but rather halting an enemy, focused on destroying the Temple. Nowhere in the text is there even a hint that the Second Temple has been desecrated or made unclean. It is portrayed as intact and functioning correctly in Jewish society. The subtle references to the month of Av are clearly appropriate because they remind the reader of the worst-case scenario should the enemies of the Jews not be stopped. The fact that (in the tale) the Second Temple is saved during the month of Av helps to negate the destruction of the First Temple at the same time of year. If interpreted correctly it would appear that the Judith tale as espoused in LXX Judith was originally intended to be associated with Tish‘a B’Av and not Hanukkah.
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 369-386
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 369-386
    Keywords: Ecclesiasticus Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Time in post-biblical literature
    Abstract: Time is a relevant question for Ben Sira. The terms עת and καιρός together with other time-related words and expressions are frequent in his teaching. My aim here is to survey Sir 18:19-26, a passage that has been little studied, if not to say almost ignored, by scholars. I concentrate on the double sense of the term καιρός in the passage, which exposes a notion of time that is quite other than univocal.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 387-401
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 387-401
    Keywords: Ecclesiasticus Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Time in post-biblical literature
    Abstract: Rendering אחרית not as “end,” but as “that which comes after,” has the advantage that all shades of meaning are kept open, with the effect that every reader of the Hebrew text of Ben Sira is able to make up her/his mind about which meaning should fit: “the near future,” “the distant future,” “the end of one’s life,” “posterity/descendants,” “finally,” or even “consequence.”
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 311-335
    Keywords: Pseudo-Philo. ; Time in post-biblical literature
    Abstract: Predominantly, the Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum (LAB) is not a theological text but a narrative rewriting of the biblical books from Genesis to 1 Samuel. Much of its literary, historical and theological characteristics have been discussed by scholars, but its concept of time never gained much prominence. This paper analyses the role of different aspects of time in the LAB and points out that the author’s notion of time determines the hermeneutical concepts he applies and his theological reasoning. The tensions in the plots and the emphasis on their theological message are created and intensified by using anteriority and posteriority in time. An example of this is creation which is reflected only in the story of the flood in 13:8 and explains theological consequences in the context of the flood. Concerning human existence, the LAB poses the question if it is time that governs life (39:4), but the answer is that God rules time (39:5). Concrete eschatological ideas are also offered in relation to the fulfillment of set times (3:10), to God’s revelation of the end of the world (19:4), to the time of God’s visitation of the earth (19:12), and to the immortal dwelling place that is not subject to time (3:10). In this respect, the LAB’s notion of time is similar to that of its contemporaries 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch.
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 403-426
    Language: German
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 403-426
    Keywords: Ecclesiasticus Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; End of the world In post-biblical literature
    Abstract: The terms קץ and קצה have time and space implications in the book of Ben Sira. They are used at three different levels: in connection with humans, with non-spiritual beings and with the divine. Unlike God, humans are limited by time and space, but they do eventually alter their ontological existence: depending on their level of Torah obedience they will either be consigned to Sheol or will achieve a kind of closeness to God. But Ben Sira does not spell out his concept of afterlife. He uses the term קץ to describe his notion of eschatology and adds some apocalyptic remarks, but he does not mention directly the historic events of his time. Through the creation of celestial bodies, God constructs a calendar. In this way, humans move within a structured timeline that is theologically grounded.
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 453-472
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 453-472
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Time Biblical teaching
    Abstract: The visions in the book of Daniel (chapters 7-12) conceptualize “time” on different levels. Regarding a concept of time as a linear progression, the visions of Daniel refer first of all to the writers’ present perspective, the years of Antiochus IV (cf. Dan 8). Furthermore, the memory of the past comes into view, especially within the concept of a sequence of empires (cf. Dan 7 with chapter 2). Lastly, the future is also conceptualized, including judgment and salvation (cf. 12:1-3). Beyond a linear depiction of time, Daniel’s visions refer to a rather “qualitative” differentiation between the writers’ present and the hope for a future salvation. This concept of “qualitative time” can only be detected by a discussion of aspects of time and space.
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 339-368
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 339-368
    Keywords: Ecclesiasticus Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Time in post-biblical literature
    Abstract: This paper is devoted to a survey of the concept of time in the Book of Ben Sira. In addition to a short review of the position of different scholars on this subject, this paper will examine the occurrences of the term “time” in Ben Sira. What situational changes does Ben Sira indicate when he uses the word “time?” The paper will focus on the function of this term in the thought of the sage Ben Sira.
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 19-41
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 19-41
    Keywords: Time in post-biblical literature ; Post-biblical literature
    Abstract: The last three decades have seen a resurgence in scholarly interest in the concepts of time and temporality in Jewish Studies, which has included a focus on ancient Jewish texts. In this paper, I examine the different ways that four texts which have not received a lot of attention employ concepts of time and temporality to help fashion a Jewish identity. Judith, the Letter of Aristeas, Baruch, and the Wisdom of Solomon take different approaches, which I call historiographical, translational, exilic, and thanatological time, to shape the identity of their audiences.
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    In:  Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021) (2021) 169-190
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook (2020-2021)
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 169-190
    Keywords: Ecclesiasticus Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Sabbath in post-biblical literature
    Abstract: A distinctive feature in the Jewish concept of time is the observance of the Sabbath, a special day in the week dedicated to resting in honor of God (Gen 2:1-3; Exod 20:8-11; Deut 5:12-15). Yet despite saying so much about temple worship, Ben Sira never actually uses the noun Sabbath, either in the surviving Hebrew manuscripts or in the Greek or Syriac versions. Nevertheless, several traces of Sabbath motifs may be present within the book. Most clearly, the discussion of differences among days (Sir 33:7-9) presumes the Sabbath. In addition, the law mentioned within a creation context (Sir 17:11-14) may refer to the Sabbath. Moreover, the structure of Sirach 24 may presuppose a Sabbath pattern, while the motif of rest in the book’s third wisdom poem (Sir 6:18-37) may also include an echo of the Sabbath. This study will investigate these four possibilities, in order to shed light on this aspect of Ben Sira’s notion of time.
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