feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: ליבי במזרח
    Angaben zur Quelle: ג (תשפא) 193-209
    Keywords: Jews History 20th century ; Jews History 20th century ; Jews Education ; Eretz Israel Aliyah
    Abstract: The article employs a micro historical approach to the monitoring ofdiverse encounters that took place between Jewish immigrants fromEastern Europe who went to the Land of Israel and Jewish immigrantsfrom areas formerly dominated by the Ottoman Empire that occurred intransnational spaces under British and French Mandatory control.While hundreds of young Ashkenazi students enjoyed the local Jewishcommunity’s hospitality during their studies at Beirut’s AmericanUniversity, Lebanon’s tourism industry attracted many EasternEuropean vacationers to Lebanese resorts including Jewish-ownedhotels. The Jewish sub-ethnic immigrant groups living in bothtransnational Mandatory spaces brought in a variety of individualresources (real capital, social capital and human capital, includingprofessional and linguistic skills) that well served diverse businessenterprises.The most famous of them was a match factory established at theinitiative of the Weizmann brothers in the Lebanese Maronite Christianvillage of Damour, near Beirut. This enterprise called “El-Bark” inArabic meaning ‘light’ or ‘fire’ became burned into the collectivememory of Lebanese Jews as the Lebanese branch of Weizmann’s“Nur” match factory in Acre. Its loyal Jewish technical workforcewhom the Weizmann brothers recruited from their places of origin inEastern Europe were well integrated into the Jewish environment inBeirut. These immigrants’ previous match production experience andtheir ability to recruit cheap local labor through their fellow Jewishnetworks made the Damour match factory a success.
    Note: With an English summary.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: ליבי במזרח
    Angaben zur Quelle: ג (תשפא) 363-378
    Keywords: Askénazi, Léon, Criticism and interpretation ; Yeshivot ; Jews Identity ; Ashkenazim History 20th century ; Sephardim History 20th century
    Abstract: Some of the landmarks in the history of French Jews in modern timeshave experienced encounters between Ashkenazi and Sefardi jews. Aunique seminary that was erected in Paris ("Orsay") after the SecondWorld War is an experience of this kind. Rabbi Y.L. Ashkenazi(Manitou), who presided this meeting, points to the dynamics ofsociology and the identity system that emerge from it. Manitouemphasizes that "the encounter between the Ashkenazim and theSephardim was very important. In those days, it was a very positiveexperience. At the micro-sociology level, the Ashkenazi and SefardiJewish communities met. Two Jewish dynasties that separated forhundreds of years met with admiration and glory", in his own words.This Beit Midrash provided an educational and conceptual response toShoah refugees on the one hand and to the Ashkenazi members of thepre-war French jewish community, on the other. These two weresubject to existential distress and the slippery slope of assimilation.Their encounter with Rabbi Ashkenazi teachings, that derived from theteachings of Algerian scholars and the Sefardi diaspora, resulted in therestoration of their Jewish identity and the acquisition of tools fordealing with the challenges of modern Jewish existence, as evidencedby students such as Georges Weiss, Stefan Moses, Pierre Simsovic,Miriam Doress-Herr, Francine Kaufmann and Marcel Goldman. Myarticle therefore discusses the general and personal nature of thisintersectional encounter
    Note: With an English summary.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: ליבי במזרח
    Angaben zur Quelle: ג (תשפא) 9-43
    Keywords: ʻAḳrish, Yaʻaḳov ben Yosef ; עקריש ; Rabbis Biography ; Rabbis Attitudes ; Jews History 19th century ; Burial laws (Jewish law) ; Suicide (Jewish law)
    Abstract: Yaakov Akarish's suicide from the city of Oran (Wahrān) in Algeriasparked a fierce polemic between 1881 to 1893 among the rabbis ofAlgeria, Tunisia, Izmir and Jerusalem. In this polemic, two books,pamphlets and some other halakhic responses from North Africa andthe Ottoman Empire were published. Particularly noteworthy was theinvolvement in the dispute of Algeria, Jerusalem and Izmir rabbis. Mostof them supported the claim that Akrish was not considered a suicide,and ruled against his removal from the grave by his city's officials andhis burial in the Suicide Squad. The affair sparked discussions about thesocial-legal reality in Algeria in light of the legal and socialtransformations brought by the colonial government to the Jewishcommunity, especially from 1870 onwards, and teaches us about theambition of the dayanim in Oran to highlight their halakhic authorityagainst famous spiritual authorities. The affair teaches us also aboutthe status of the rabbis of Jerusalem, the dictatorial rule of the Head ofthe Consistory, and other social phenomena.
    Note: With an English summary.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: ליבי במזרח
    Angaben zur Quelle: ג (תשפא) 179-192
    Keywords: Maqrīzī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī, ; Maqrīzī, Ahmad ibn ʻAlī, ; Islam Relations ; Judaism ; Jews History
    Abstract: In his Kitāb al-Mawāʿiẓ waʾl-Iʿtibār fī Dhikr al-Khiṭaṭ waʾl-Āthār, themonumental work on the topography of Egypt, Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad b.ʿAlī al-Maqrīzī (1364–1442) devotes several chapters to Jewish historyand Judaism. After studying these chapters extensively with emphasison the author’s sources of inspiration, I identified several points thatstill need research attention. This article will address these points andilluminate several additional aspects regarding the nature of alMaqrīzī’s writing on the Jewish religion.
    Note: With an English summary.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: ליבי במזרח
    Angaben zur Quelle: ג (תשפא) 339-361
    Keywords: Ḥutsin, Shelomoh Bekhor, ; Jewish journalists ; Jewish publishers ; Zionism History
    Abstract: Rabbi Shelomo Bekhor Hussein (1843–1892) was an educated man ofgreat stature, way ahead of his peers for his time and place. He was oneof Rabbi Abdallah Somekh’s students, the founder of the Yeshiva “BeitZilkha” in Baghdad.Rabbi Hussein was famous in two areas: His printing house inBaghdad, the first of its kind, which he established and in which hepublished many books.His articles and letters to the Hebrew and Arabic newspapers in Europe,Jerusalem and the Far East.Rabbi Hussein was unusual and extraordinary, known for his educationand the fact that he turned to the modern European world. He broughtnews items concerning problems found in different communities, suchas the drought and Moslem – Jewish relations in Baghdad and Persia,aa well as positive reports, such as Alliance activities and theestablishment of schools in Baghdad and Persia. He also responded toscientific articles published by Jewish European researchers in theHebrew press.As soon as the “Magid” publicized the establishment of the MekitzeiNirdamim society, Rabbi Hussein independently opened a branch of thesocuety in Baghdad and registered known, great Hakhamim from Iraq,among them Rabbi Yosef Haim. He also offered the society in Berlin alist of manuscripts written by Baghdad Hakhamim.The name that Rabbi Hussein adopted, which appeared at the end of hismissives and letters, was Defender of His People. Many of his letterswere requests of help for the Jews of his country and neighboringcountries, but he also wanted to paint a true picture of the lives of theJews in these countries, for the European reader. This, as opposed tovarious articles depicting the Jews of Baghdad and other places asbackward and ignorant.
    Note: With an English summary.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: ליבי במזרח
    Angaben zur Quelle: ג (תשפא) 151-177
    Keywords: Taḳanot (Jewish law) ; Polygamy (Jewish law) ; Ketubah ; Jewish marriage customs and rites
    Abstract: In the last period of the Ottoman Empire, a custom emerged inJerusalem and its surroundings of adding the enactment of RabbenuGershom against bigamy (the chadrag clause) to ketubot of theAshkenazi community. This addition was a response to the challengethe community faced from dominant Sephardic rabbinical judges whoclaimed that the ban of Rabenu Gershom was no longer valid in theLand of Israel. During the British Mandate for Palestine, the chadragclause continued to spread among the Ashkenazim, even after theybecame the majority and the dominant community in the Land of Israel.This appears to have been the results of the reluctance of the Britishrulers to impose their European value about monogamy on the nativepopulation of Arabs and Jews. Therefore, Ashkenazi rabbinical leaderscontinued to encourage the Ashkenazi community to implement thechadrag clause of. At the time, it also became common to implement itin the Sephardic and Mizrahi ketubot, as part of the struggle againstbigamy in non-Ashkenazi communities, which was strongly supportedby the Chief Sephardic Rabbi, Ben Zion Uziel, and was also part of themelting pot ideology of the Zionist movement.No significant changes took place in the first decades after theestablishment of the State of Israel, and the chadrag clause continued tobe implemented in ketubot of all ethnic groups. At that time, the Israelilegislation imposed severe criminal sanctions for bigamy on allcitizens, and the Supreme Court gave a broad interpretation to thesesanctions. The Chief Rabbinate also followed this trend and legislatedan enactment that forbade bigamy. A change in the course of adding thechadrag clause to ketubot occurred in the 1970s, following the ideologyand policy of Chief Sephardi Rabbi, Ovadia Yosef, who raised the flagof “return to the old glory” of the Sephardic and Mizrachi traditions. Asa result, Sephardic and Mizrachi judges of the Supreme Rabbinical Court ruled that in ketubot of non-Ashkenazi the presence of thechadrag clause is absolutely invalid and wrong. Indeed, this usagestopped, and the official rabbinate in local municipalities began tosupply Sephardic and Mizrachi couples with their traditional version ofketubot.At the same time, we begin to encounter among Ashkenazim as well aretreat to their old version, as their tradition of being obligated by theenactment of Rabbenu Gershom was no longer challenged by othercommunities, and at the same time it was strongly supported by thelegal system of the State of Israel.
    Note: With an English summary.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: ליבי במזרח
    Angaben zur Quelle: ג (תשפא) 211-271
    Keywords: Inheritance and succession (Jewish law) ; Judaism Customs and practices ; Jewish women ; Taḳanot (Jewish law)
    Abstract: Starting in the 12th century, Jewish scholars across the globe dealt withissues surrounding women inheritance. Multiple regulations wereenacted in order to mitigate the discrimination felt by women’ssurviving parents and family.In the article we survey the subject of women inheritance in Talmudicliterature, Rabeinu Tam’s regulations in France, the SHUM (Speyer,Worms, and Manz) Enactments in Europe, and other enactments andregulations in Christian Spain. We focused on Moroccan-Jewishregulations from the end of 15th century to the middle of the 20thcentury. Given space constraints, we did not discuss the novelties andintricacies of each and every regulation and did not compare andcontrast the regulatory developments in the Eastern-Sephardic diaspora.Following extensive research, we concluded that women standing, as itpertains to inheritance rights, was significantly better in JewishMoroccan communities than in the rest of the Jewish world. While awidower right to his wife’s estate was reduced to less than half, awidow was entitled to half of her husband’s estate, a right that was alsotransferred to her inheritors including those from her father’shousehold.Additionally, we uncovered the influence of Rabeinu Tam’s regulationon the regulation set forth by Moroccan-Jewish scholars, as it reflects inRabbi Eliyahu Hatzarfati’s regulation. There are significant similaritiesbetween Rabeinu Tam’s and Rabbi Eliyahu Hatzarfati’s regulations, asboth were initially rejected by most Jewish scholars but eventuallybecame halachic cornerstones.It also became clear that following the expulsion of Jews from Spain,there were no continues and open discussions regarding womeninheritance in the Jewish world outside Moroccan-Jewish community.We observed multiple stages of unique and unprecedented developmentand creative interpretation, including readily enacting new regulationsas time progressed, and the consideration of public opinion throughreferendums regarding the existing practices.
    Note: With an English summary.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: ליבי במזרח
    Angaben zur Quelle: ג (תשפא) 137-149
    Keywords: Widows Social conditions ; Widows ; Jewish women Social conditions ; Ashkenazim History ; Jerusalem (Israel) History 1517-1917, Ottoman period
    Abstract: Our knowledge of the history of Jewish society in Jerusalem in theMameluke and Early Ottoman periods is largely based on a limitedvariety of historical information – halakhic literature (responsa),certificates, legal deeds, letters and so on. An in-depth review of thesedocuments clearly shows that most of the figures active in public andreligious community life – lobbyists, shlichei mitzvah (emissariescarrying out religious duties on behalf of others), rabbis and others –are males. However, the fact remains that the actual number of Jewishwomen in Jerusalem in the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth centurieswas apparently rather high, and their contribution to life in JewishJerusalem has not earned its due recognition.One of the reasons for this large number of women was thephenomenon of elderly women who came to Jerusalem in their twilightyears specifically in order to die rather than live there. The presence ofelderly women in the old city of Jerusalem was a salient featurethroughout the ages, usually both Ashkenazi and Sephardi widows, whocame to Jerusalem after having fulfilled their traditional role of givingbirth to children and then marrying them off, or after they had lost theirfamilies. A select few sought to embark on a new chapter in theirfamily life due to their personal predicament and the limited supply ofmen. Their objective was to spend the remaining period of their life inthe holy city and to be buried there so as to benefit from theresurrection of the dead at the end of days.In this article, we try to shed light on the world of the elderly womenwho came to live in Jerusalem. Based on the scant sources available,we shall attempt to glean information regarding their economicsituation, their employment and living accommodation. The main focusof the article will deal with one of the most difficult challenges facingthe community leaders during those periods of time – saving the estate funds of those women who died without heirs, and according to thelocal Islamic sharia law, such sums were destined to be deposited in thestate coffers.
    Note: With an English summary.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: ליבי במזרח
    Angaben zur Quelle: ג (תשפא) 273-338
    Keywords: Property (Jewish law) ; Responsa 16th century ; Responsa 17th century ; Rabbinical literature ; Rabbinical literature ; Judaism Customs and practices ; History
    Abstract: This article discusses the attitudes of the Istanbul and Salonika halakhicscholars (hereinafter: the sages) in the 16th–17th centuries relating tothe question, whether a self-created monetary custom can overridehalakha or it is conditional upon receiving any support. Tanaitic andAmoraic sources stated that a monetary custom overrides halakha anddoes not require any support for the custom. Only during the earlyhalakhic authorities (hereinafter: Rishonim) period did a controversyarise over the question at issue, and it continued in the period underconsideration.This study discusses 66 sources, almost all of which are responsa,written by 18 sages, who dealt with customs in a variety of fields, inparticular: commercial affairs, marital rights between spouses andinheritance. Ten of the sages ruled that a monetary custom does notneed support in order to override halakha. They justified it on thegrounds that people contact with each other based on the custom andit's as if they have made such a condition between them. They relied onTalmudic sources and especially on the Spanish Rishonim(Maimonides, Rosh, Rashba and others).On the other hand, four other sages ruled that in order to overridehalakha, the custom must be “a custom of vatikin”, i.e. a custom whichsages instituted or endorsed (based on Or Zaru'ah, Mordechai and otherAshkenazi Rishonim), or that it must be enacted as a communalenactment (based on responsa of Alfasi, Nachmanides, Rosh andRivash). Rabbi Eliyahu Mizrahi explained that an approval of sages isrequired to verify that the custom is indeed proper and not “a badcustom”. Other sages may also have understood similarly. Four othersages did not decide the question at hand.
    Note: With an English summary.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: ליבי במזרח
    Angaben zur Quelle: ג (תשפא) 77-136
    Keywords: Saphir, Jacob, ; Saphir, Jacob, ; Alsheikh, Shalom ben Joseph, ; Jewish travelers ; Jews History 19th century ; Rabbis
    Abstract: Rabbi Yaakov Saphir Halevi was born in the Vilna district of Lithuania,and as a child in 1832, his family immigrated to the land of Israel,where they belonged to the Perushim circle of students of the VilnaHaGaon. Rabbi Saphir visited the various communities in centralYemen in 1859 and stayed there for approximately eight and a halfmonths, at great risk to himself. He documented his visits in his bookEven Sapir, printed in 1866. This book earned him great publicity, andthrough it the Jews of the world became acquainted with the lifestylesof the Jews in Yemen.Rabbi Saphir showed a special interest in the great Yemenite sages,chronicling their lifestyles, leadership, and their spiritual heritage,which he bore witness to in the numerous communities he visited incentral Yemen, admiring the rich and ancient spiritual heritage of theYemenite Jews. For example, when he met the rabbi of the communityJarrah, Rabbi Yosef ben Said, he admired their way of life, combiningTorah and work, as well as Rabbi ben Said's knowledge in the Talmudand its commentators, as found among the other great sages of Israel.Furthermore, when he met the Av Beit Din (the Chief Justice) of theYemenite Community, Rabbi Suleiman Kara, who resided in the capitalof Sana'a, he was impressed by the way he led the community, hisprodigious wisdom, and his rich library of important manuscripts.In this article, the author reveals glosses written by Rabbi ShalomAlsich Halevi, one of the great Yemenite sages, in the issues of RabbiYaakov Saphir's book, which was initially published in 1866 in the cityof Lyck in Prussia.
    Note: With an English summary.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...