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  • 2000-2004  (87)
  • 1960-1964  (29)
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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    The Nazis and the German population : a Faustian deal?. (2002)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 30 (2002) 427-435
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2002
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30 (2002) 427-435
    Keywords: Johnson, Eric A. ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Note: On Eric A. Johnson, "Nazi Terror; the Gestapo, Jews, and Ordinary Germans" (2000). , See also in Hebrew.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    "Working towards the 'Führer'". (2002)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 30 (2002) 405-426
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2002
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30 (2002) 405-426
    Keywords: Hitler, Adolf, ; Kershaw, Ian. ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Antisemitism History 1800-2000
    Note: On Ian Kershaw, "Hitler", Vol. I-II (1998-2000). , See also in Hebrew.
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    The American Jewish Committee and the admission of Nazi collaborators into the United States, 1948-1950. (2002)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 30 (2002) 369-404
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2002
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30 (2002) 369-404
    Keywords: American Jewish Committee ; Jewish refugees Legal status, laws, etc. ; Refugees Legal status, laws, etc. ; Judaism Relations ; Christianity ; Christianity and other religions Judaism ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Influence ; World War, 1939-1945 Collaborationists ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Government policy
    Abstract: Before World War II the American Jewish Committee objected to changes in the restrictive U.S. immigration laws, fearing an increase in antisemitism. After the war its attitude changed; stunned by what had happened to European Jewry, the AJC extended help to Jewish survivors. It chose to cooperate with Catholics and Protestants, trying to liberalize the immigration policy on behalf of all DPs. It succeeded in changing the attitude of Christian groups toward the refugee problem by proving that many DPs were not Jewish. However, the DP bills proposed in 1947-50 discriminated against Jews and also provided for the admission of many former Nazi collaborators. Shocked as it was, the AJC chose not to fight the bills but to amend them with Christian help. The task proved difficult: the Lutherans insisted on the admission of former Baltic nationals who fought on the Nazi side, and all of the Christians requested the admission of a larger number of "Volksdeutsche." Both the Jewish and Christian sides had to make concessions. The admission of 100,000 Jewish DPs under the DP Acts of 1948 and 1950 may be regarded as a great achievement of the AJC.
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    In blessed memory of a dream : Mordechai Shenhavi and initial Holocaust commemoration ideas in Palestine, 1942-1945. (2002)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 30 (2002) 297-336
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2002
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30 (2002) 297-336
    Keywords: Shenhavi, Mordechai ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Foreign public opinion, Eretz Israel ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Commemoration ; Eretz Israel History 1917-1948, British Mandate period
    Abstract: In September 1942, Shenhavi (1900-1983) submitted to the Jewish National Fund a project for a memorial commemorating the Jewish victims of the mass murders in Europe. He repeatedly submitted similar projects to the JNF and other Jewish institutions between 1943-45. Shenhavi was the first to suggest the name Yad Vashem for such a memorial. During this period, other individuals identified with the Zionist movement proposed similar commemorative projects. The Land of Israel, as the center of Jewish collective memory, was to serve as the commemorative site and remembrance rites drew extensively on Jewish tradition. Distinguishes between those for whom memorializing the victims was a way of preserving the past, and who therefore chose Jerusalem as the site for the memorial, and those for whom the past events were a model for society and who preferred an agricultural settlement region, from where, in the words of Shenhavi, we "view ourselves and our destiny through the prism of the new reality".
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    The Catholic elites in Brazil and their attitude toward the Jews, 1933-1939. (2002)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 30 (2002) 229-270
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2002
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30 (2002) 229-270
    Keywords: Catholic Church History 20th century ; Catholic press ; Antisemitism in the press ; Antisemitism History 1933-1939 ; Antisemitism History 20th century ; Christianity and antisemitism History 20th century ; Jews History 20th century ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Influence
    Abstract: Discusses stances toward Jews and antisemitism of several influential institutions and individuals who represented the Catholic Church in Brazil and acted at its initiative or with its approval. The Archbishop of Porto Alegre, João Becker, considered the "Jewish problem" a real one, but deplored racism and Nazi antisemitism and called for defense of the Jews. The Franciscan journal "Vozes de Petrópolis" became a forum for many antisemitic writers who regarded Catholicism as inseparable from Brazilianism, and thus the Jews were a threat to the nation. Some clergymen involved with the journal believed in a world Jewish conspiracy, identified communism with Judaism, and supported immigration restrictions against Jews. The Catholic Dom Vital Center and its journal "A Ordem" combined traditional and modern forms of antisemitism. Anti-Zionism also played a part in the attitudes of the Catholic elites in Brazil. Concludes that Catholic antisemitism in Brazil was not influenced by Nazi racism; the Church elites perceived the "Jewish problem" as one of religion, not of race.
    Note: Appeared in Portuguese as "As elites católicas do Brasil e sua atitude em relação aos judeus (1933-1939)" in "O anti-semitismo nas Américas" (2007) 209-241. , In Hebrew: , "יד ושם; קובץ מחקרים" ל (תשסב) 187-219
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    Seen from Jedwabne. (2002)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 30 (2002) 7-19
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2002
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30 (2002) 7-19
    Keywords: Jews ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Antisemitism History 1945-
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    The restructuring of a Jewish Gemeinde into the "prototype" of the Judenrat. (2002)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 30 (2002) 451-463
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2002
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30 (2002) 451-463
    Keywords: Rabinovici, Doron, ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jews ; Jewish councils ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Note: On Doron Rabinovici, "Instanzen der Ohnmacht - Wien 1938-1945; der Weg zum Judenrat" (2000). , See also in Hebrew.
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    Why did so many of the Jews in Antwerp perish in the Holocaust?. (2002)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 30 (2002) 465-481
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2002
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30 (2002) 465-481
    Keywords: Saerens, Lieven, ; Jews ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Antwerp (Belgium)
    Note: On Lieven Saerens, "Vreemdelingen in een wereldstad; een geschiedenis van Antwerpen en zijn joodse bevolking (1880-1944)" (2000). , See also in Hebrew.
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    The foundation and activities of the Hungarian Jewish Council, March 20-July 7, 1944. (2002)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 30 (2002) 93-123
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2002
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30 (2002) 93-123
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jewish councils ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: The first Central Council of Hungarian Jews (Zsidó Tanács), consisting of eight members, was established following an order issued on 20 March 1944 by Eichmann's Kommando in Budapest. At this stage, the Hungarian authorities accepted the formation of this Council with a complete lack of interest. In late April-early May the Hungarians took measures to reorganize the Council, and the Provisional Executive Committee of the Association of Hungarian Jews was formed. The foundation of Jewish councils in provincial towns (e.g. Kecskemét, Szeged) began after 6 April; the initiative was taken by the local administrations, and in some places by the Central Jewish Council. The Central Council members were aware of the fate of European Jews under the Nazis; they had contacts with provincial councils and knew what was going on there (ghettoization, deportations, etc.). Nevertheless, they cooperated with the authorities and did not alert the Hungarian Jews, mainly because they believed that the war was over. Concludes that the Hungarian Jewish Council should not be condemned more than others; such councils throughout Europe could not do much for their brethren.
    Note: See also in Hebrew. , An abridged Hungarian version appeared in her "Csendörök, hivatalnokok, zsidók" (2000).
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    "Certificates" for Auschwitz. (2002)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 30 (2002) 125-152
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2002
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30 (2002) 125-152
    Keywords: Auschwitz (Concentration camp) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Foreign public opinion, Eretz Israel ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue
    Abstract: In spring 1944 two Hehalutz activists from Slovakia, Yaakov Rosenberg and Moshe Weiss, managed to reach Palestine and submit to Jewish Agency officials a list of 51 prisoners in Auschwitz and other camps, requesting that they be sent immigration certificates. Notes that organized Slovakian Jewry (i.e. the Jewish Center, the "Working Group", and Zionist youth movements), as well as relatives of those deported in 1942, attempted to provide information on the fate of the deported and to alleviate their conditions during that year. The idea of sending certificates to prisoners in camps probably arose in 1943, but it was only after Rosenberg's and Weiss's request that the first list of candidates for immigration was forwarded, through Switzerland, to the Germans. All those included in the list were interrogated at the Political Department in Auschwitz and similar offices in other camps, some of them crudely. The prisoners were not released and most of them were not even informed of the purpose of the interrogation, but many of them survived the war.
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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